Question 1

Which of the following does Carruthers claim most animals do not possess?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rational agency 
B)  The capacity to suffer 
C)  Consciousness 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Rational agency 
B)  The capacity to suffer 
C)  Consciousness 
D)  All of the above A

Question 2

According to abolitionists, experimentation on animals runs counter to the general moral presumption that

Accepted Answer

A)  causing suffering is always wrong. 
B)  one should never be morally required to suffer for another, particularly if that suffering involves extreme sacrifice. 
C)  animal lives have intrinsic value. 
D)  cost-benefit analysis is irrelevant to moral decision-making. 
A)  causing suffering is always wrong. 
B)  one should never be morally required to suffer for another, particularly if that suffering involves extreme sacrifice. 
C)  animal lives have intrinsic value. 
D)  cost-benefit analysis is irrelevant to moral decision-making. B

Question 3

How does the abolitionist argument against animal experimentation differ from the argument given by Hursthouse? Which argument is more compelling in your view? Defend your answer.

Accepted Answer

The abolitionist argument against animal experimentation differs from the argument given by Hursthouse in several key ways. The abolitionist argument holds that using animals for experimentation is inherently wrong and unethical, regardless of any potential benefits to humans. This position is based on the belief that animals have inherent rights and should not be used as mere means to an end. On the other hand, Hursthouse's argument acknowledges the potential benefits of animal experimentation for human welfare, but emphasizes the importance of minimizing harm to animals and ensuring that their use is justified.

In my view, the abolitionist argument is more compelling. This is because it takes a clear moral stance against the exploitation of animals and recognizes their intrinsic value and rights. While it is important to consider the potential benefits of animal experimentation, the abolitionist argument challenges us to question the ethical implications of using animals for our own purposes. It also encourages us to seek alternative methods that do not involve the use of animals, promoting a more compassionate and ethical approach to scientific research.

Furthermore, the abolitionist argument aligns with the growing recognition of animal rights and welfare in society, reflecting a shift towards more ethical and sustainable practices. By prioritizing the well-being of animals and advocating for their rights, the abolitionist argument promotes a more compassionate and just society for all beings. Therefore, I believe that the abolitionist argument against animal experimentation is more compelling and ethically sound.

Question 4

Talk about:
-Factory farm

Accepted Answer

a large industrial complex whe

Question 5

Norcross concludes that

Accepted Answer

A)  eating meat from factory farms is morally unproblematic. 
B)  giving up eating meat from factory farms is morally admirable but not morally required. 
C)  eating meat from factory farms is morally impermissible. 
D)  None of the above 
A)  eating meat from factory farms is morally unproblematic. 
B)  giving up eating meat from factory farms is morally admirable but not morally required. 
C)  eating meat from factory farms is morally impermissible. 
D)  None of the above

Question 6

A moral patient is an individual

Accepted Answer

A)  who consistently acts morally. 
B)  who is capable of acting morally. 
C)  whose interests are morally considerable. 
D)  who is incapable of acting morally. 
A)  who consistently acts morally. 
B)  who is capable of acting morally. 
C)  whose interests are morally considerable. 
D)  who is incapable of acting morally.

Question 7

Which of the following is not an argument that justifies (some of) our current farm and lab practices?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Emotional Attachment Argument 
B)  The Argument from Marginal Cases 
C)  The Power Argument 
D)  The Rights Argument 
A)  The Emotional Attachment Argument 
B)  The Argument from Marginal Cases 
C)  The Power Argument 
D)  The Rights Argument

Question 8

Singer argues that there is no characteristic that could justify taking the interests of all humans to override the interests of other animals. Do you agree with this claim? What do you think is the best candidate for such a characteristic, and why is it adequate or inadequate? Defend your answers.

Accepted Answer

I agree with Singer's claim that there i

Question 9

According to Hursthouse, a virtue is a morally good, admirable, or praiseworthy character trait. However, many virtue words, such as courage or compassion, can be used in ordinary language to pick out a character trait that enables or prompts its possessor to act wrongly. How does Hursthouse explain this apparent discrepancy? Is her explanation convincing? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Hursthouse explains this apparent discre

Question 10

What does Hursthouse suggest ordinary people of virtue can do in recognition of the cruelty of most animal experimentation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sign petitions and join pressure groups 
B)  Engage in civil disobedience 
C)  Refuse all benefits of modern medicine 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Sign petitions and join pressure groups 
B)  Engage in civil disobedience 
C)  Refuse all benefits of modern medicine 
D)  All of the above

Question 11

Talk about:
-Gestation crates

Accepted Answer

strong metal cages,

Question 12

The argument from Marginal Cases claims that

Accepted Answer

A)  some animals have rational capacities to the degree that some humans do. 
B)  animals have no rights. 
C)  humans and animals have equal rights. 
D)  animals have traditionally occupied a marginal place in society, which is unjust. 
A)  some animals have rational capacities to the degree that some humans do. 
B)  animals have no rights. 
C)  humans and animals have equal rights. 
D)  animals have traditionally occupied a marginal place in society, which is unjust.

Question 13

So-called "marginal" human beings are humans

Accepted Answer

A)  who are incapable of feeling pleasure and pain. 
B)  to whom we lack emotional attachment. 
C)  whose mental lives are no more developed than those of nonhuman animals. 
D)  who are not powerful enough to control nonhuman animals. 
A)  who are incapable of feeling pleasure and pain. 
B)  to whom we lack emotional attachment. 
C)  whose mental lives are no more developed than those of nonhuman animals. 
D)  who are not powerful enough to control nonhuman animals.

Question 14

According to Norcross, which of the following justifies granting humans and animals different moral statuses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human beings are typically more rational than animals. 
B)  Human beings typically experience a wider range of pleasure and suffering than animals. 
C)  Human beings are typically more self-aware than animals. 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Human beings are typically more rational than animals. 
B)  Human beings typically experience a wider range of pleasure and suffering than animals. 
C)  Human beings are typically more self-aware than animals. 
D)  None of the above

Question 15

One might object to the Emotional Attachment Argument on the grounds that

Accepted Answer

A)  we are not always more emotionally attached to fellow humans than to nonhuman animals. 
B)  whether we are morally allowed to harm nonhuman animals does not depend on emotional attachment. 
C)  Both a and b 
D)  Neither a nor b 
A)  we are not always more emotionally attached to fellow humans than to nonhuman animals. 
B)  whether we are morally allowed to harm nonhuman animals does not depend on emotional attachment. 
C)  Both a and b 
D)  Neither a nor b

Question 16

Talk about:
-Vegans

Accepted Answer

those who refrain fr

Question 17

Explain what Gruen calls the "non-speciesist utilitarian test," or NSUT for short. Is this a plausible test for determining when an experiment on a nonhuman animal is justified in your view? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The "non-speciesist utilitarian test" (N

Question 18

Which of the following arguments entails that it is generally morally wrong to kill animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Dependency Argument 
B)  The Emotional Attachment Argument 
C)  The Argument from Marginal Cases 
D)  The Rights Argument 
A)  The Dependency Argument 
B)  The Emotional Attachment Argument 
C)  The Argument from Marginal Cases 
D)  The Rights Argument

Question 19

Which of the following is not discussed as a reason why some people think humans are more morally important than animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans can feel more pleasure and pain than animals. 
B)  Humans were endowed with greater moral importance by God. 
C)  Humans can self-govern and animals cannot. 
D)  Humans are more morally important just by virtue of our species. 
A)  Humans can feel more pleasure and pain than animals. 
B)  Humans were endowed with greater moral importance by God. 
C)  Humans can self-govern and animals cannot. 
D)  Humans are more morally important just by virtue of our species.

Question 20

Singer argues that a basic moral principle is the equal consideration of

Accepted Answer

A)  suffering. 
B)  interests. 
C)  abilities. 
D)  rights. 
A)  suffering. 
B)  interests. 
C)  abilities. 
D)  rights.

Exam 13: Animals

Which of the following does Carruthers claim most animals do not possess?

According to abolitionists, experimentation on animals runs counter to the general moral presumption that

How does the abolitionist argument against animal experimentation differ from the argument given by Hursthouse? Which argument is more compelling in your view? Defend your answer.

Talk about: -Factory farm

Norcross concludes that

A moral patient is an individual

Which of the following is not an argument that justifies (some of) our current farm and lab practices?

Singer argues that there is no characteristic that could justify taking the interests of all humans to override the interests of other animals. Do you agree with this claim? What do you think is the best candidate for such a characteristic, and why is it adequate or inadequate? Defend your answers.

What does Hursthouse suggest ordinary people of virtue can do in recognition of the cruelty of most animal experimentation?

Talk about: -Gestation crates

The argument from Marginal Cases claims that

So-called "marginal" human beings are humans

According to Norcross, which of the following justifies granting humans and animals different moral statuses?

One might object to the Emotional Attachment Argument on the grounds that

Talk about: -Vegans

Explain what Gruen calls the "non-speciesist utilitarian test," or NSUT for short. Is this a plausible test for determining when an experiment on a nonhuman animal is justified in your view? Why or why not?

Which of the following arguments entails that it is generally morally wrong to kill animals?

Which of the following is not discussed as a reason why some people think humans are more morally important than animals?

Singer argues that a basic moral principle is the equal consideration of

Moral Theory

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Skepticism About Morality

The Good Life

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