Exam 12: Racial Inequality, Social Cohesion, and Policy Issues in Canada

There is a lack of credible research information on which to base political decision-making regarding putting the concept of equal opportunity in practice. Which institutions could provide adequate research in these regards?

Oreopoulos (2011) found that resumes containing English or British names prompted employer calls for an interview 39 per cent more often than resumes with minority names.

Discuss what you know about the Government of Canada's immigration application process. What do you think Canada's immigration process should look like?

Which of the following is not related to increased difficulties for immigrants?

A weakness of field trials is that while they may show patterns of discrimination, they fail to demonstrate its consequences in the aggregate for minority inequality.

What is a broader institutional change occurring in Canada that may be affecting the economic situation of immigrants?

One weakness of statistical studies of the earning gap is that deficiencies in qualifications cannot always be measured in survey data.

According to Table 12.2, the most pervasive pattern affecting all visible minorities is the substantially lower level of Canadian identity and voting.

Issues involving police surveillance of minority communities in Canada is a recent phenomenon.

Why do immigrants face employment difficulties? How have these obstacles changed historically?

What for you leads to a cohesive society? Are we becoming more or less cohesive? Why?

The increasing impact of racial diversity in Canada is magnified because of the concentration of minorities in certain immigrant-intensive cities, such as Toronto and Montreal.

What is the "entry effect"?

How is a lack of social cohesion manifested in society?

In 2016, the Canadian-born and so-called "second-generation" of immigrants constituted about 50 percent of the racial minority population.

What concept refers to the extent to which individual members of a group form relationships with people outside the group?

When race relations were introduced under the rubric of multiculturalism in the 1980s, it was not recognized in principle as a separate concern.

What is the main economic problem for new racial minority immigrants?

Which of the following is not a type of evidence that is cited in discussions of the extent of discrimination?

How is discrimination measured? What are the findings of each approach and what are their shortcomings?