Question 1

Research on child care demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A)  when caregiver-child ratios are generous and caregivers are educated about child development, children develop more favorably. 
B)  the rate of insecurity is equivalent among infants in child care and those who stay at home with their mothers. 
C)  mother-child interaction is not affected by the quality of child care or the time spent in child care. 
D)  even children in high-quality child care have higher rates of insecurity than those who are informally cared for by friends, relatives, or babysitters. 
A)  when caregiver-child ratios are generous and caregivers are educated about child development, children develop more favorably. 
B)  the rate of insecurity is equivalent among infants in child care and those who stay at home with their mothers. 
C)  mother-child interaction is not affected by the quality of child care or the time spent in child care. 
D)  even children in high-quality child care have higher rates of insecurity than those who are informally cared for by friends, relatives, or babysitters.

Question 2

Brendon reacts negatively to and withdraws from novel stimuli. He could be classified as a(n) ______ child.

Accepted Answer

A)  sociable 
B)  shy 
C)  easy 
D)  uninhibited 
A)  sociable 
B)  shy 
C)  easy 
D)  uninhibited

Question 3

Cross-cultural research demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A)  fathers' warmth contributes greatly to children's long-term favorable development. 
B)  fathers who devote little time to physical caregiving do not express parental warmth. 
C)  mothers' and fathers' emotional interactions with each other and with their children are not linked. 
D)  fathers' warmth cannot protect children against emotional and behavioral problems. 
A)  fathers' warmth contributes greatly to children's long-term favorable development. 
B)  fathers who devote little time to physical caregiving do not express parental warmth. 
C)  mothers' and fathers' emotional interactions with each other and with their children are not linked. 
D)  fathers' warmth cannot protect children against emotional and behavioral problems.

Question 4

Baby Ashley picks up her ball and says, "Ball!" Ashley's father responds with a big smile and an enthusiastic, "That's right! Ball!" In return, Ashley laughs. When Ashley is tired and crying, her father picks her up, rubs her back, and sings softly to her. Ashley and her father are engaged in

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment in the making. 
B)  social referencing. 
C)  goodness of fit. 
D)  interactional synchrony. 
A)  attachment in the making. 
B)  social referencing. 
C)  goodness of fit. 
D)  interactional synchrony.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is supported by research on the stability of temperament?

Accepted Answer

A)  Long-term prediction from early temperament is best achieved after age three. 
B)  Temperament does not develop as the child ages. 
C)  Most irritable infants become difficult children as they age. 
D)  Childhood temperament is a fairly good predictor of personality in adulthood. 
A)  Long-term prediction from early temperament is best achieved after age three. 
B)  Temperament does not develop as the child ages. 
C)  Most irritable infants become difficult children as they age. 
D)  Childhood temperament is a fairly good predictor of personality in adulthood.

Question 6

Jazmin, age 18 months, cries and climbs on her mother when she attempts to leave Jazmin with a babysitter. Jazmin is displaying

Accepted Answer

A)  an internal working model. 
B)  interactional synchrony. 
C)  social referencing. 
D)  separation anxiety. 
A)  an internal working model. 
B)  interactional synchrony. 
C)  social referencing. 
D)  separation anxiety.

Question 7

Basic emotions

Accepted Answer

A)  are not evident in nonhuman primates. 
B)  are all present at birth. 
C)  have no evolutionary history of promoting survival. 
D)  are universal in humans. 
A)  are not evident in nonhuman primates. 
B)  are all present at birth. 
C)  have no evolutionary history of promoting survival. 
D)  are universal in humans.

Question 8

The Attachment Q-Sort

Accepted Answer

A)  is a quicker and more efficient method of assessing attachment than the Strange Situation. 
B)  takes place in a specially designed laboratory. 
C)  taps a wider array of attachment-related behaviors than the Strange Situation. 
D)  differentiates between the types of insecurity. 
A)  is a quicker and more efficient method of assessing attachment than the Strange Situation. 
B)  takes place in a specially designed laboratory. 
C)  taps a wider array of attachment-related behaviors than the Strange Situation. 
D)  differentiates between the types of insecurity.

Question 9

According to research on social referencing, which of the following responses from Tanner's mom is the most likely to encourage him to get up and try again after he falls down while learning to walk?

Accepted Answer

A)  a concerned look 
B)  a cautious smile 
C)  speaking the words "oh, no!" 
D)  laughter combined with saying "oopsie-daisy" 
A)  a concerned look 
B)  a cautious smile 
C)  speaking the words "oh, no!" 
D)  laughter combined with saying "oopsie-daisy"

Question 10

Self-conscious emotions

Accepted Answer

A)  involve distinct facial expressions. 
B)  do not require self-awareness. 
C)  are universally experienced in response to the same types of situations. 
D)  require adult instruction in when to feel proud, ashamed, or guilty. 
A)  involve distinct facial expressions. 
B)  do not require self-awareness. 
C)  are universally experienced in response to the same types of situations. 
D)  require adult instruction in when to feel proud, ashamed, or guilty.

Question 11

Self-conscious emotions appear

Accepted Answer

A)  in the middle of the first year. 
B)  at the end of the first year. 
C)  in the middle of the second year. 
D)  at the end of the second year. 
A)  in the middle of the first year. 
B)  at the end of the first year. 
C)  in the middle of the second year. 
D)  at the end of the second year.

Question 12

Laughter

Accepted Answer

A)  reflects faster processing of information than smiling. 
B)  appears around 6 to 8 months of age. 
C)  first occurs in response to very gentle stimuli. 
D)  occurs more often when babies are interacting with new people. 
A)  reflects faster processing of information than smiling. 
B)  appears around 6 to 8 months of age. 
C)  first occurs in response to very gentle stimuli. 
D)  occurs more often when babies are interacting with new people.

Question 13

According to Erikson's theory, a healthy outcome during infancy is dependent on the

Accepted Answer

A)  quantity of food offered. 
B)  amount of oral stimulation provided. 
C)  quality of caregiving. 
D)  availability of self-soothing. 
A)  quantity of food offered. 
B)  amount of oral stimulation provided. 
C)  quality of caregiving. 
D)  availability of self-soothing.

Question 14

Effortful control

Accepted Answer

A)  requires adult instruction and modeling. 
B)  is regarded as a major dimension of temperament. 
C)  plays a limited role in mental and social development. 
D)  is an ability that is present at birth. 
A)  requires adult instruction and modeling. 
B)  is regarded as a major dimension of temperament. 
C)  plays a limited role in mental and social development. 
D)  is an ability that is present at birth.

Question 15

Baby Dak quickly establishes regular routines, is generally cheerful, and adapts easily to new experiences. Dak would be classified by Thomas and Chess as

Accepted Answer

A)  slow-to-warm-up. 
B)  uninhibited. 
C)  difficult. 
D)  easy. 
A)  slow-to-warm-up. 
B)  uninhibited. 
C)  difficult. 
D)  easy.

Question 16

The social smile first appears around ________ of age.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 to 5 weeks 
B)  6 to 10 weeks 
C)  3 to 4 months 
D)  5 to 7 months 
A)  1 to 5 weeks 
B)  6 to 10 weeks 
C)  3 to 4 months 
D)  5 to 7 months

Question 17

The social smile

Accepted Answer

A)  first appears during REM sleep. 
B)  is evoked by parent-child interaction. 
C)  emerges during the second week of life. 
D)  first appears in response to dynamic, eye-catching sights. 
A)  first appears during REM sleep. 
B)  is evoked by parent-child interaction. 
C)  emerges during the second week of life. 
D)  first appears in response to dynamic, eye-catching sights.

Question 18

When an unfamiliar adult picks up Louisa, age 9 months, the baby begins to cry and struggles to get down. Louisa is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)  stranger anxiety. 
B)  avoidant attachment. 
C)  insecure attachment. 
D)  separation anxiety. 
A)  stranger anxiety. 
B)  avoidant attachment. 
C)  insecure attachment. 
D)  separation anxiety.

Question 19

The rise in ______after 6 months of age keeps nearly mobile babies' enthusiasm for exploration in check.

Accepted Answer

A)  fear 
B)  sadness 
C)  anger 
D)  emotional contagion 
A)  fear 
B)  sadness 
C)  anger 
D)  emotional contagion

Question 20

Which of the following is true about attachment and later development?

Accepted Answer

A)  A child whose parental caregiving improves can bounce back from adversity. 
B)  A child who experiences a secure attachment in infancy maintains that style, regardless of caregiving. 
C)  By the end of early childhood, nearly 90 percent of U.S. children are securely attached to a caregiver. 
D)  An insecure attachment in infancy almost always leads to severe behavior problems in childhood. 
A)  A child whose parental caregiving improves can bounce back from adversity. 
B)  A child who experiences a secure attachment in infancy maintains that style, regardless of caregiving. 
C)  By the end of early childhood, nearly 90 percent of U.S. children are securely attached to a caregiver. 
D)  An insecure attachment in infancy almost always leads to severe behavior problems in childhood.

Research on child care demonstrates that

Brendon reacts negatively to and withdraws from novel stimuli. He could be classified as a(n) ______ child.

Cross-cultural research demonstrates that

Baby Ashley picks up her ball and says, "Ball!" Ashley's father responds with a big smile and an enthusiastic, "That's right! Ball!" In return, Ashley laughs. When Ashley is tired and crying, her father picks her up, rubs her back, and sings softly to her. Ashley and her father are engaged in

Which of the following statements is supported by research on the stability of temperament?

Jazmin, age 18 months, cries and climbs on her mother when she attempts to leave Jazmin with a babysitter. Jazmin is displaying

Basic emotions

The Attachment Q-Sort

According to research on social referencing, which of the following responses from Tanner's mom is the most likely to encourage him to get up and try again after he falls down while learning to walk?

Self-conscious emotions

Self-conscious emotions appear

Laughter

According to Erikson's theory, a healthy outcome during infancy is dependent on the

Effortful control

Baby Dak quickly establishes regular routines, is generally cheerful, and adapts easily to new experiences. Dak would be classified by Thomas and Chess as

The social smile first appears around ________ of age.

The social smile

When an unfamiliar adult picks up Louisa, age 9 months, the baby begins to cry and struggles to get down. Louisa is exhibiting

The rise in ______after 6 months of age keeps nearly mobile babies' enthusiasm for exploration in check.

Which of the following is true about attachment and later development?

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Emerging Adulthood

Filters

Exam 7: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Research on child care demonstrates that

Brendon reacts negatively to and withdraws from novel stimuli. He could be classified as a(n) ______ child.

Cross-cultural research demonstrates that

Baby Ashley picks up her ball and says, "Ball!" Ashley's father responds with a big smile and an enthusiastic, "That's right! Ball!" In return, Ashley laughs. When Ashley is tired and crying, her father picks her up, rubs her back, and sings softly to her. Ashley and her father are engaged in

Which of the following statements is supported by research on the stability of temperament?

Jazmin, age 18 months, cries and climbs on her mother when she attempts to leave Jazmin with a babysitter. Jazmin is displaying

Basic emotions

The Attachment Q-Sort

According to research on social referencing, which of the following responses from Tanner's mom is the most likely to encourage him to get up and try again after he falls down while learning to walk?

Self-conscious emotions

Self-conscious emotions appear

Laughter

According to Erikson's theory, a healthy outcome during infancy is dependent on the

Effortful control

Baby Dak quickly establishes regular routines, is generally cheerful, and adapts easily to new experiences. Dak would be classified by Thomas and Chess as

The social smile first appears around ________ of age.

The social smile

When an unfamiliar adult picks up Louisa, age 9 months, the baby begins to cry and struggles to get down. Louisa is exhibiting

The rise in ______after 6 months of age keeps nearly mobile babies' enthusiasm for exploration in check.

Which of the following is true about attachment and later development?

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Emerging Adulthood

Filters