Question 1

Which of the following is a limitation of Piaget's theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  He overestimated the competencies of infants and young children. 
B)  Adolescents generally reach their full intellectual potential in all areas, regardless of education and experience. 
C)  Children's performance on Piagetian problems can be improved with training. 
D)  Piaget's stagewise account overemphasizes social and cultural influences on development. 
A)  He overestimated the competencies of infants and young children. 
B)  Adolescents generally reach their full intellectual potential in all areas, regardless of education and experience. 
C)  Children's performance on Piagetian problems can be improved with training. 
D)  Piaget's stagewise account overemphasizes social and cultural influences on development.

Question 2

Both _________ and _____________ emphasize many possible courses of development.

Accepted Answer

A)  the psychoanalytic perspective; ethology 
B)  ethology; evolutionary developmental psychology 
C)  Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory; behaviorism 
D)  behaviorism; social learning theory 
A)  the psychoanalytic perspective; ethology 
B)  ethology; evolutionary developmental psychology 
C)  Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory; behaviorism 
D)  behaviorism; social learning theory

Question 3

Which of the following research methods utilizes participant observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the clinical method 
B)  naturalistic observation 
C)  ethnography 
D)  structured observation 
A)  the clinical method 
B)  naturalistic observation 
C)  ethnography 
D)  structured observation

Question 4

Discuss ecological systems theory, and describe each level of the environment.

Accepted Answer

Ecological systems theory views the chil

Question 5

Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory

Accepted Answer

A)  was developed through careful observations of his own children. 
B)  emphasizes that how parents manage their child's fears is crucial for healthy sexual development. 
C)  emphasizes five parts of the personality that become integrated during a sequence of three stages. 
D)  was developed through having emotionally troubled adults talk freely about painful events of their childhoods. 
A)  was developed through careful observations of his own children. 
B)  emphasizes that how parents manage their child's fears is crucial for healthy sexual development. 
C)  emphasizes five parts of the personality that become integrated during a sequence of three stages. 
D)  was developed through having emotionally troubled adults talk freely about painful events of their childhoods.

Question 6

Cohort effects occur when

Accepted Answer

A)  participants in longitudinal studies become "test-wise." 
B)  specific experiences influence some children but not others in the same generation. 
C)  participants move away or drop out of a longitudinal study. 
D)  participants in a research study have a special appreciation for the scientific value of research. 
A)  participants in longitudinal studies become "test-wise." 
B)  specific experiences influence some children but not others in the same generation. 
C)  participants move away or drop out of a longitudinal study. 
D)  participants in a research study have a special appreciation for the scientific value of research.

Question 7

In _____________ experiments, control over the treatment is usually weaker than in ______________ experiments.

Accepted Answer

A)  laboratory; natural 
B)  laboratory; field 
C)  field; laboratory 
D)  correlational; field 
A)  laboratory; natural 
B)  laboratory; field 
C)  field; laboratory 
D)  correlational; field

Question 8

One advantage of the sequential design is that

Accepted Answer

A)  researchers can find out whether cohort effects are operating by comparing participants of the same age who were born in different years. 
B)  it permits cause-and-effect inferences by studying groups of people differing in age at the same point in time. 
C)  it presents participants with a novel task and follows their mastery over a series of closely spaced sessions. 
D)  it is especially useful for studying the strategies children use to acquire new knowledge in reading and science. 
A)  researchers can find out whether cohort effects are operating by comparing participants of the same age who were born in different years. 
B)  it permits cause-and-effect inferences by studying groups of people differing in age at the same point in time. 
C)  it presents participants with a novel task and follows their mastery over a series of closely spaced sessions. 
D)  it is especially useful for studying the strategies children use to acquire new knowledge in reading and science.

Question 9

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon's intelligence test was developed as a way to

Accepted Answer

A)  identify children with learning problems who needed to be placed in special classes. 
B)  accurately predict school achievement and vocational success. 
C)  document developmental improvements in children's intellectual functioning. 
D)  measure individual differences in development as a function of race, gender, and birth order. 
A)  identify children with learning problems who needed to be placed in special classes. 
B)  accurately predict school achievement and vocational success. 
C)  document developmental improvements in children's intellectual functioning. 
D)  measure individual differences in development as a function of race, gender, and birth order.

Question 10

Dr. Jaster is interested in children's dreams. He recruits students from two public schools in his community and administers the same questionnaire to several large groups. Dr. Jaster is using a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  biased interviewing technique. 
B)  case study method. 
C)  structured interview. 
D)  ethnographic approach. 
A)  biased interviewing technique. 
B)  case study method. 
C)  structured interview. 
D)  ethnographic approach.

Question 11

At home, Paul's parents hit him as punishment for misbehavior. At preschool, Paul angrily hits a playmate who takes his toy. According to social learning theory, Paul is displaying

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  behavior modification. 
D)  observational learning. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  behavior modification. 
D)  observational learning.

Question 12

In the United States, children who are first-generation and second-generation immigrants

Accepted Answer

A)  are more likely than children of native-born parents to use drugs and alcohol. 
B)  report lower self-esteem as compared to children of native-born parents. 
C)  graduate from high school at similar or greater overall rates than students of native-born parents. 
D)  are more likely than children of native-born parents to commit delinquent acts. 
A)  are more likely than children of native-born parents to use drugs and alcohol. 
B)  report lower self-esteem as compared to children of native-born parents. 
C)  graduate from high school at similar or greater overall rates than students of native-born parents. 
D)  are more likely than children of native-born parents to commit delinquent acts.

Question 13

Dr. Riley wanted to know if adolescent computer use has an immediate effect on their sustained attention. Dr. Riley assigned participants into one of two groups (computer use vs. no computer use) by flipping a coin. Dr. Riley used

Accepted Answer

A)  matching. 
B)  random assignment. 
C)  a correlational design. 
D)  a field experiment. 
A)  matching. 
B)  random assignment. 
C)  a correlational design. 
D)  a field experiment.

Question 14

Development of language and make-believe play take place in Piaget's ____________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  formal operational 
A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  formal operational

Question 15

Professor Spinner wanted to compare how children from different family environments made friends at school. He carefully chose participants to ensure that their characteristics were as much alike as possible. Professor Spinner observed the participants in the school setting. Professor Spinner used

Accepted Answer

A)  a laboratory experiment. 
B)  random assignment. 
C)  a field experiment. 
D)  a correlational design. 
A)  a laboratory experiment. 
B)  random assignment. 
C)  a field experiment. 
D)  a correlational design.

Question 16

According to research on resilience, which of the following children has an increased chance of offsetting the impact of a stressful home life?

Accepted Answer

A)  John, who is a talented musician 
B)  Mary, who is an only child 
C)  Luke, who is shy 
D)  Jane, who comes from a blended family 
A)  John, who is a talented musician 
B)  Mary, who is an only child 
C)  Luke, who is shy 
D)  Jane, who comes from a blended family

Question 17

John Locke regarded development as

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous. 
B)  mostly influenced by nature. 
C)  discontinuous. 
D)  highly stable. 
A)  continuous. 
B)  mostly influenced by nature. 
C)  discontinuous. 
D)  highly stable.

Question 18

An investigator wanted to speak candidly with high school students about their drug use. He felt that the students would be more honest if their parents were unaware that they were participating in the study. If the investigator chooses to interview the students without their parents' knowledge, he will violate which of the following children's research rights?

Accepted Answer

A)  privacy 
B)  protection from harm 
C)  informed consent 
D)  beneficial treatments 
A)  privacy 
B)  protection from harm 
C)  informed consent 
D)  beneficial treatments

Question 19

All contemporary child development theories view children as

Accepted Answer

A)  naturally endowed with a sense of right and wrong. 
B)  passive and emotionally fragile. 
C)  adults in training. 
D)  active, purposeful beings. 
A)  naturally endowed with a sense of right and wrong. 
B)  passive and emotionally fragile. 
C)  adults in training. 
D)  active, purposeful beings.

Question 20

Which of the following is a limitation of the ethnographic method?

Accepted Answer

A)  Research may not yield observations typical of participants' behavior in everyday life. 
B)  Research does not yield as much information as naturalistic observations or structured interviews. 
C)  Commonly used research techniques tend to ignore cultural and social influences that affect development. 
D)  Investigators' cultural values and theoretical commitments sometimes lead them to observe selectively or misinterpret what they see. 
A)  Research may not yield observations typical of participants' behavior in everyday life. 
B)  Research does not yield as much information as naturalistic observations or structured interviews. 
C)  Commonly used research techniques tend to ignore cultural and social influences that affect development. 
D)  Investigators' cultural values and theoretical commitments sometimes lead them to observe selectively or misinterpret what they see.

Which of the following is a limitation of Piaget's theory?

Both _ and _____ emphasize many possible courses of development.

Which of the following research methods utilizes participant observation?

Discuss ecological systems theory, and describe each level of the environment.

Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory

Cohort effects occur when

In _ experiments, control over the treatment is usually weaker than in __ experiments.

One advantage of the sequential design is that

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon's intelligence test was developed as a way to

Dr. Jaster is interested in children's dreams. He recruits students from two public schools in his community and administers the same questionnaire to several large groups. Dr. Jaster is using a(n)

At home, Paul's parents hit him as punishment for misbehavior. At preschool, Paul angrily hits a playmate who takes his toy. According to social learning theory, Paul is displaying

In the United States, children who are first-generation and second-generation immigrants

Dr. Riley wanted to know if adolescent computer use has an immediate effect on their sustained attention. Dr. Riley assigned participants into one of two groups (computer use vs. no computer use) by flipping a coin. Dr. Riley used

Development of language and make-believe play take place in Piaget's ____________ stage.

Professor Spinner wanted to compare how children from different family environments made friends at school. He carefully chose participants to ensure that their characteristics were as much alike as possible. Professor Spinner observed the participants in the school setting. Professor Spinner used

According to research on resilience, which of the following children has an increased chance of offsetting the impact of a stressful home life?

John Locke regarded development as

All contemporary child development theories view children as

Which of the following is a limitation of the ethnographic method?

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Emerging Adulthood

Filters

Exam 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Which of the following is a limitation of Piaget's theory?

Both _________ and _____________ emphasize many possible courses of development.

Which of the following research methods utilizes participant observation?

Discuss ecological systems theory, and describe each level of the environment.

Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory

Cohort effects occur when

In _____________ experiments, control over the treatment is usually weaker than in ______________ experiments.

One advantage of the sequential design is that

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon's intelligence test was developed as a way to

Dr. Jaster is interested in children's dreams. He recruits students from two public schools in his community and administers the same questionnaire to several large groups. Dr. Jaster is using a(n)

At home, Paul's parents hit him as punishment for misbehavior. At preschool, Paul angrily hits a playmate who takes his toy. According to social learning theory, Paul is displaying

In the United States, children who are first-generation and second-generation immigrants

Dr. Riley wanted to know if adolescent computer use has an immediate effect on their sustained attention. Dr. Riley assigned participants into one of two groups (computer use vs. no computer use) by flipping a coin. Dr. Riley used

Development of language and make-believe play take place in Piaget's ____________ stage.

Professor Spinner wanted to compare how children from different family environments made friends at school. He carefully chose participants to ensure that their characteristics were as much alike as possible. Professor Spinner observed the participants in the school setting. Professor Spinner used

According to research on resilience, which of the following children has an increased chance of offsetting the impact of a stressful home life?

John Locke regarded development as

All contemporary child development theories view children as

Which of the following is a limitation of the ethnographic method?

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Emerging Adulthood

Filters

Both _ and _____ emphasize many possible courses of development.

In _ experiments, control over the treatment is usually weaker than in __ experiments.