Question 1

______________ is generally regarded as the founder of the child-study movement.

Accepted Answer

A)  John Locke 
B)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau 
C)  Charles Darwin 
D)  G. Stanley Hall 
A)  John Locke 
B)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau 
C)  Charles Darwin 
D)  G. Stanley Hall

Question 2

One limitation of the longitudinal design is it

Accepted Answer

A)  does not permit the study of individual development. 
B)  requires intensive study of participants' moment-by-moment behaviors. 
C)  may distort age-related changes because of biased sampling or cohort effects. 
D)  is more efficient than cross-sectional design, but less efficient than microgenetic design. 
A)  does not permit the study of individual development. 
B)  requires intensive study of participants' moment-by-moment behaviors. 
C)  may distort age-related changes because of biased sampling or cohort effects. 
D)  is more efficient than cross-sectional design, but less efficient than microgenetic design.

Question 3

Professor Story is interested in studying how children acquire new reading strategies. The best design for Professor Story to use would be the _____________ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal 
B)  microgenetic 
C)  cross-sectional 
D)  sequential 
A)  longitudinal 
B)  microgenetic 
C)  cross-sectional 
D)  sequential

Question 4

According to ecological systems theory, a parent's workplace is in the

Accepted Answer

A)  microsystem. 
B)  mesosystem. 
C)  exosystem. 
D)  macrosystem. 
A)  microsystem. 
B)  mesosystem. 
C)  exosystem. 
D)  macrosystem.

Question 5

A classroom environment based on Piaget's theory of cognitive development would likely emphasize

Accepted Answer

A)  joint problem solving with older children or adults. 
B)  reinforcing children with tokens they could exchange for treats. 
C)  formal mathematics and language drills. 
D)  discovery learning and direct contact with the environment. 
A)  joint problem solving with older children or adults. 
B)  reinforcing children with tokens they could exchange for treats. 
C)  formal mathematics and language drills. 
D)  discovery learning and direct contact with the environment.

Question 6

During the Reformation, the Puritans

Accepted Answer

A)  characterized children as innocent and close to angels. 
B)  regarded children as fully mature by the time they were 7 or 8 years old. 
C)  recommended permissive child-rearing practices. 
D)  believed that children were born evil and had to be civilized. 
A)  characterized children as innocent and close to angels. 
B)  regarded children as fully mature by the time they were 7 or 8 years old. 
C)  recommended permissive child-rearing practices. 
D)  believed that children were born evil and had to be civilized.

Question 7

Erik Erikson was one of the first theorists to

Accepted Answer

A)  study the nature-nurture controversy. 
B)  focus on the impact of early experiences on later behavior. 
C)  recognize the lifespan nature of development. 
D)  view children as passive beings. 
A)  study the nature-nurture controversy. 
B)  focus on the impact of early experiences on later behavior. 
C)  recognize the lifespan nature of development. 
D)  view children as passive beings.

Question 8

Both behaviorism and social learning theory have been criticized for

Accepted Answer

A)  overestimating children's contributions to their own development. 
B)  presenting ideas that are too vague to test empirically. 
C)  emphasizing nature over nurture. 
D)  underestimating children's contributions to their own development. 
A)  overestimating children's contributions to their own development. 
B)  presenting ideas that are too vague to test empirically. 
C)  emphasizing nature over nurture. 
D)  underestimating children's contributions to their own development.

Question 9

When a researcher directly controls or manipulates changes in an independent variable by exposing participants to the treatment conditions,

Accepted Answer

A)  she is conducting a correlational study. 
B)  cause-and-effect relationships can be detected. 
C)  the correlational coefficient should be zero. 
D)  she is using a technique called matching. 
A)  she is conducting a correlational study. 
B)  cause-and-effect relationships can be detected. 
C)  the correlational coefficient should be zero. 
D)  she is using a technique called matching.

Question 10

The independent variable is the one that

Accepted Answer

A)  the investigator expects to be influenced by another variable. 
B)  is randomly assigned. 
C)  shows the strength of the correlational relationship. 
D)  the investigator expects to cause changes in another variable. 
A)  the investigator expects to be influenced by another variable. 
B)  is randomly assigned. 
C)  shows the strength of the correlational relationship. 
D)  the investigator expects to cause changes in another variable.

Question 11

A researcher studying the effects of a certain pain reliever on children with chronic pain gave one group of children the pain medication and gave a placebo (or sugar pill) to another group of children. This violates which of the following children's research rights?

Accepted Answer

A)  privacy 
B)  beneficial treatments 
C)  informed consent 
D)  knowledge of results 
A)  privacy 
B)  beneficial treatments 
C)  informed consent 
D)  knowledge of results

Question 12

When John Watson taught Albert, an 11-month-old infant, to fear a neutral stimulus by presenting it several times with a sharp, loud sound, Watson applied ________________ to children's behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  innate reflexes 
B)  observational learning 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  operant conditioning 
A)  innate reflexes 
B)  observational learning 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  operant conditioning

Question 13

Every time 10-month-old Rita eats a pea, her father claps and says, "Good girl!" In response to her father's praise, Rita excitedly eats the remaining peas. Rita's behavior is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  modeling. 
C)  behavior modification. 
D)  operant conditioning. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  modeling. 
C)  behavior modification. 
D)  operant conditioning.

Question 14

The biological concept of ____________ is central to Piaget's theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement 
B)  adaptation 
C)  imitation 
D)  physical growth 
A)  reinforcement 
B)  adaptation 
C)  imitation 
D)  physical growth

Question 15

Theories are vital tools because they

Accepted Answer

A)  provide organizing frameworks for our observations of children. 
B)  provide the ultimate truth about child development. 
C)  do not require scientific verification. 
D)  are resistant to the influence of cultural values and belief systems. 
A)  provide organizing frameworks for our observations of children. 
B)  provide the ultimate truth about child development. 
C)  do not require scientific verification. 
D)  are resistant to the influence of cultural values and belief systems.

Question 16

Describe the five periods of development, and identify the new capacities and social expectations that serve as important transitions during each period.

Accepted Answer

-The prenatal period: from conception to

Question 17

Dr. Brewer views the human mind as a symbol-manipulating system through which information flows. Dr. Brewer's view is consistent with

Accepted Answer

A)  information processing. 
B)  ethology. 
C)  behaviorism. 
D)  sociocultural theory. 
A)  information processing. 
B)  ethology. 
C)  behaviorism. 
D)  sociocultural theory.

Question 18

In a _______________, participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational design 
B)  longitudinal design 
C)  cross-sectional study 
D)  sequential design 
A)  correlational design 
B)  longitudinal design 
C)  cross-sectional study 
D)  sequential design

Question 19

In an experiment examining whether a specific type of intervention improves the psychological adjustment of shy children, the independent variable would be the

Accepted Answer

A)  type of intervention. 
B)  number of children in the subject pool who are shy. 
C)  number of shy children who benefit from the intervention. 
D)  measure of psychological adjustment. 
A)  type of intervention. 
B)  number of children in the subject pool who are shy. 
C)  number of shy children who benefit from the intervention. 
D)  measure of psychological adjustment.

Question 20

In quasi-experiments,

Accepted Answer

A)  random assignment helps protect against reduction in the accuracy of the findings. 
B)  researchers combine random assignment with the matching technique. 
C)  cause-and-effect inferences cannot be made. 
D)  lack of random assignment substantially reduces the precision of the research. 
A)  random assignment helps protect against reduction in the accuracy of the findings. 
B)  researchers combine random assignment with the matching technique. 
C)  cause-and-effect inferences cannot be made. 
D)  lack of random assignment substantially reduces the precision of the research.

______________ is generally regarded as the founder of the child-study movement.

One limitation of the longitudinal design is it

Professor Story is interested in studying how children acquire new reading strategies. The best design for Professor Story to use would be the _____________ design.

According to ecological systems theory, a parent's workplace is in the

A classroom environment based on Piaget's theory of cognitive development would likely emphasize

During the Reformation, the Puritans

Erik Erikson was one of the first theorists to

Both behaviorism and social learning theory have been criticized for

When a researcher directly controls or manipulates changes in an independent variable by exposing participants to the treatment conditions,

The independent variable is the one that

A researcher studying the effects of a certain pain reliever on children with chronic pain gave one group of children the pain medication and gave a placebo (or sugar pill) to another group of children. This violates which of the following children's research rights?

When John Watson taught Albert, an 11-month-old infant, to fear a neutral stimulus by presenting it several times with a sharp, loud sound, Watson applied ________________ to children's behavior.

Every time 10-month-old Rita eats a pea, her father claps and says, "Good girl!" In response to her father's praise, Rita excitedly eats the remaining peas. Rita's behavior is an example of

The biological concept of ____________ is central to Piaget's theory.

Theories are vital tools because they

Describe the five periods of development, and identify the new capacities and social expectations that serve as important transitions during each period.

Dr. Brewer views the human mind as a symbol-manipulating system through which information flows. Dr. Brewer's view is consistent with

In a _______________, participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older.

In an experiment examining whether a specific type of intervention improves the psychological adjustment of shy children, the independent variable would be the

In quasi-experiments,

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Emerging Adulthood

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Exam 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies

______________ is generally regarded as the founder of the child-study movement.

One limitation of the longitudinal design is it

Professor Story is interested in studying how children acquire new reading strategies. The best design for Professor Story to use would be the _____________ design.

According to ecological systems theory, a parent's workplace is in the

A classroom environment based on Piaget's theory of cognitive development would likely emphasize

During the Reformation, the Puritans

Erik Erikson was one of the first theorists to

Both behaviorism and social learning theory have been criticized for

When a researcher directly controls or manipulates changes in an independent variable by exposing participants to the treatment conditions,

The independent variable is the one that

A researcher studying the effects of a certain pain reliever on children with chronic pain gave one group of children the pain medication and gave a placebo (or sugar pill) to another group of children. This violates which of the following children's research rights?

When John Watson taught Albert, an 11-month-old infant, to fear a neutral stimulus by presenting it several times with a sharp, loud sound, Watson applied ________________ to children's behavior.

Every time 10-month-old Rita eats a pea, her father claps and says, "Good girl!" In response to her father's praise, Rita excitedly eats the remaining peas. Rita's behavior is an example of

The biological concept of ____________ is central to Piaget's theory.

Theories are vital tools because they

Describe the five periods of development, and identify the new capacities and social expectations that serve as important transitions during each period.

Dr. Brewer views the human mind as a symbol-manipulating system through which information flows. Dr. Brewer's view is consistent with

In a _______________, participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older.

In an experiment examining whether a specific type of intervention improves the psychological adjustment of shy children, the independent variable would be the

In quasi-experiments,

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Emerging Adulthood

Filters