Question 1

Which of the following is true about emerging adulthood?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a period of development that spans ages 16 to 22 years. 
B)  It is a period of development unique to underdeveloped nations. 
C)  Although emerging adults have moved beyond adolescence, they have not yet fully assumed adult roles. 
D)  It is mostly limited to young people in developing nations. 
A)  It is a period of development that spans ages 16 to 22 years. 
B)  It is a period of development unique to underdeveloped nations. 
C)  Although emerging adults have moved beyond adolescence, they have not yet fully assumed adult roles. 
D)  It is mostly limited to young people in developing nations.

Question 2

Which of the following is true about structured observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  It permits greater control over the research situation than does naturalistic observation. 
B)  It is especially useful for studying behaviors commonly seen in everyday life. 
C)  It usually takes place in the field, or natural environment, rather than in the laboratory. 
D)  It provides rich, descriptive insights into processes of development of one individual. 
A)  It permits greater control over the research situation than does naturalistic observation. 
B)  It is especially useful for studying behaviors commonly seen in everyday life. 
C)  It usually takes place in the field, or natural environment, rather than in the laboratory. 
D)  It provides rich, descriptive insights into processes of development of one individual.

Question 3

The most recent revision of Albert Bandura's theory places such a strong emphasis on how children think about themselves and other people that he calls it a(n) _________________ rather than a(n) ___________________ approach.

Accepted Answer

A)  observational learning; social-cognitive 
B)  social-cognitive; social learning 
C)  social learning; cognitive 
D)  social learning; observational learning 
A)  observational learning; social-cognitive 
B)  social-cognitive; social learning 
C)  social learning; cognitive 
D)  social learning; observational learning

Question 4

Inspired by Charles Darwin's work, G. Stanley Hall and his student, Arnold Gesell,

Accepted Answer

A)  were the first theorists to focus on the role of nurture in human development. 
B)  collected detailed normative information on children's behavior and characteristics. 
C)  developed the concept of a sensitive period in human development. 
D)  constructed the first intelligence test. 
A)  were the first theorists to focus on the role of nurture in human development. 
B)  collected detailed normative information on children's behavior and characteristics. 
C)  developed the concept of a sensitive period in human development. 
D)  constructed the first intelligence test.

Question 5

Summarize research on the academic achievement and adjustment of immigrant youths in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Research reveals that many children of i

Question 6

Why does the term sensitive period apply better to human development than does the notion of a critical period?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its boundaries are less well-defined than are those of a critical period. 
B)  Its boundaries are more well-defined than are those of a critical period. 
C)  There are more sensitive periods than critical periods in human development. 
D)  Sensitive periods, but not critical periods, have been empirically tested. 
A)  Its boundaries are less well-defined than are those of a critical period. 
B)  Its boundaries are more well-defined than are those of a critical period. 
C)  There are more sensitive periods than critical periods in human development. 
D)  Sensitive periods, but not critical periods, have been empirically tested.

Question 7

Structured interviews are limited because they

Accepted Answer

A)  are less efficient than clinical interviews. 
B)  do not yield the same depth of information as clinical interviews. 
C)  are more time consuming to carry out compared to clinical interviews. 
D)  are overly flexible and sometimes confusing. 
A)  are less efficient than clinical interviews. 
B)  do not yield the same depth of information as clinical interviews. 
C)  are more time consuming to carry out compared to clinical interviews. 
D)  are overly flexible and sometimes confusing.

Question 8

The "Mozart effect"

Accepted Answer

A)  only applies to infants and young toddlers. 
B)  lasts only about 15 minutes. 
C)  is easily replicated in participants of all ages. 
D)  results in IQ gains of 10 to 15 points. 
A)  only applies to infants and young toddlers. 
B)  lasts only about 15 minutes. 
C)  is easily replicated in participants of all ages. 
D)  results in IQ gains of 10 to 15 points.

Question 9

Vygotsky's theory has been especially influential in the study of children's

Accepted Answer

A)  physical growth. 
B)  cognition. 
C)  emotional development. 
D)  gender identity. 
A)  physical growth. 
B)  cognition. 
C)  emotional development. 
D)  gender identity.

Question 10

Why are ethical concerns heightened when children take part in research? How is informed consent used with children?

Accepted Answer

Sometimes the quest for scientific knowl

Question 11

A(n) ________ permits inferences about cause and effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlation coefficient 
B)  experimental design 
C)  correlational design 
D)  case study 
A)  correlation coefficient 
B)  experimental design 
C)  correlational design 
D)  case study

Question 12

According to B. F. Skinner, the frequency of a behavior can be increased by following it with a wide variety of

Accepted Answer

A)  punishments. 
B)  negative stimuli. 
C)  stimulus-response associations. 
D)  reinforcers. 
A)  punishments. 
B)  negative stimuli. 
C)  stimulus-response associations. 
D)  reinforcers.

Question 13

Which recent theoretical perspective views children as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  information processing 
B)  ethology 
C)  sociocultural theory 
D)  ecological systems theory 
A)  information processing 
B)  ethology 
C)  sociocultural theory 
D)  ecological systems theory

Question 14

In a research study, 10-year-old Joe was given a pile of blocks varying in size, shape, and weight and was asked to build a bridge over a "river" (painted on a floor map) that was too wide for any single block to span. The researcher carefully tracked Joe's efforts using a flowchart. The researcher was probably applying which recent theoretical perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  ecological systems theory 
B)  evolutionary developmental psychology 
C)  information processing 
D)  sociocultural theory 
A)  ecological systems theory 
B)  evolutionary developmental psychology 
C)  information processing 
D)  sociocultural theory

Question 15

On a few occasions, Jack's mother gave him candy to keep him quiet when she took him to the doctor's office. Now every time Jack goes to the doctor's office, he asks his mother for candy. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  modeling. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  modeling.

Question 16

Which of the following is a limitation of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  It neglects the biological side of development. 
B)  It overemphasizes the biological side of development. 
C)  It overemphasizes children's capacity to shape their own development. 
D)  It places little emphasis on joint experiences. 
A)  It neglects the biological side of development. 
B)  It overemphasizes the biological side of development. 
C)  It overemphasizes children's capacity to shape their own development. 
D)  It places little emphasis on joint experiences.

Question 17

What is resilience? What are the four broad factors that seem to offer protection from the damaging effects of stressful life events? What is the most consistent asset of resilient children?

Accepted Answer

Resilience is the ability to adapt effec

Question 18

The most widely discussed threat to the accuracy of longitudinal findings is

Accepted Answer

A)  practice effects. 
B)  cohort effects. 
C)  selective attrition. 
D)  biased sampling. 
A)  practice effects. 
B)  cohort effects. 
C)  selective attrition. 
D)  biased sampling.

Question 19

According to behaviorism, ________ are the appropriate focus of psychological research.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimuli and responses 
B)  unconscious impulses and drives 
C)  adaptive evolutionary behavior patterns 
D)  nonobservable events 
A)  stimuli and responses 
B)  unconscious impulses and drives 
C)  adaptive evolutionary behavior patterns 
D)  nonobservable events

Question 20

Consistent with Locke's tabula rasa, John Watson concluded that ________________ is the supreme force in development.

Accepted Answer

A)  nature 
B)  early experience 
C)  environment 
D)  cognition 
A)  nature 
B)  early experience 
C)  environment 
D)  cognition

Which of the following is true about emerging adulthood?

Which of the following is true about structured observation?

The most recent revision of Albert Bandura's theory places such a strong emphasis on how children think about themselves and other people that he calls it a(n) _ rather than a(n) ___ approach.

Inspired by Charles Darwin's work, G. Stanley Hall and his student, Arnold Gesell,

Summarize research on the academic achievement and adjustment of immigrant youths in the United States.

Why does the term sensitive period apply better to human development than does the notion of a critical period?

Structured interviews are limited because they

The "Mozart effect"

Vygotsky's theory has been especially influential in the study of children's

Why are ethical concerns heightened when children take part in research? How is informed consent used with children?

A(n) ________ permits inferences about cause and effect.

According to B. F. Skinner, the frequency of a behavior can be increased by following it with a wide variety of

Which recent theoretical perspective views children as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment?

On a few occasions, Jack's mother gave him candy to keep him quiet when she took him to the doctor's office. Now every time Jack goes to the doctor's office, he asks his mother for candy. This is an example of

Which of the following is a limitation of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?

What is resilience? What are the four broad factors that seem to offer protection from the damaging effects of stressful life events? What is the most consistent asset of resilient children?

The most widely discussed threat to the accuracy of longitudinal findings is

According to behaviorism, ________ are the appropriate focus of psychological research.

Consistent with Locke's tabula rasa, John Watson concluded that ________________ is the supreme force in development.

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Emerging Adulthood

Filters

Exam 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Which of the following is true about emerging adulthood?

Which of the following is true about structured observation?

The most recent revision of Albert Bandura's theory places such a strong emphasis on how children think about themselves and other people that he calls it a(n) _________________ rather than a(n) ___________________ approach.

Inspired by Charles Darwin's work, G. Stanley Hall and his student, Arnold Gesell,

Summarize research on the academic achievement and adjustment of immigrant youths in the United States.

Why does the term sensitive period apply better to human development than does the notion of a critical period?

Structured interviews are limited because they

The "Mozart effect"

Vygotsky's theory has been especially influential in the study of children's

Why are ethical concerns heightened when children take part in research? How is informed consent used with children?

A(n) ________ permits inferences about cause and effect.

According to B. F. Skinner, the frequency of a behavior can be increased by following it with a wide variety of

Which recent theoretical perspective views children as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment?

On a few occasions, Jack's mother gave him candy to keep him quiet when she took him to the doctor's office. Now every time Jack goes to the doctor's office, he asks his mother for candy. This is an example of

Which of the following is a limitation of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?

What is resilience? What are the four broad factors that seem to offer protection from the damaging effects of stressful life events? What is the most consistent asset of resilient children?

The most widely discussed threat to the accuracy of longitudinal findings is

According to behaviorism, ________ are the appropriate focus of psychological research.

Consistent with Locke's tabula rasa, John Watson concluded that ________________ is the supreme force in development.

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Emerging Adulthood

Filters

The most recent revision of Albert Bandura's theory places such a strong emphasis on how children think about themselves and other people that he calls it a(n) _ rather than a(n) ___ approach.