Question 1

The researcher's own voice is heard most in which section of a study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conclusions 
B)  Findings 
C)  Literature review 
D)  Results 
A)  Conclusions 
B)  Findings 
C)  Literature review 
D)  Results

Question 2

What statistical test would you use to simultaneously test the difference between temperatures of four groups of subjects?

Accepted Answer

A)  ANOVA 
B)  Chi-square 
C)  t-test for dependent samples 
D)  t-test for independent samples 
A)  ANOVA 
B)  Chi-square 
C)  t-test for dependent samples 
D)  t-test for independent samples

Question 3

A researcher notes that 3 of 30 subjects had extreme anxiety scores when compared with the other subjects. These three subjects would be treated as:

Accepted Answer

A)  deviants. 
B)  outliers. 
C)  unexpected findings. 
D)  ungrouped participants. 
A)  deviants. 
B)  outliers. 
C)  unexpected findings. 
D)  ungrouped participants.

Question 4

In estimating the parameters of a population of students categorized by year in school, which of the following estimators is the most nonbiased?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mean 
B)  Median 
C)  Standard deviation 
D)  Variance 
A)  Mean 
B)  Median 
C)  Standard deviation 
D)  Variance

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a dependent group?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemotherapy recipients randomly assigned to receive either a new antiemetic drug or normal care 
B)  Nurses practicing in the hospital setting evaluated against those in community settings 
C)  Patients in cardiac rehabilitation measured for outcomes before and after completion of the program 
D)  Students involved in volunteer activities in a BSN program compared with those in an ADN program 
A)  Chemotherapy recipients randomly assigned to receive either a new antiemetic drug or normal care 
B)  Nurses practicing in the hospital setting evaluated against those in community settings 
C)  Patients in cardiac rehabilitation measured for outcomes before and after completion of the program 
D)  Students involved in volunteer activities in a BSN program compared with those in an ADN program

Question 6

Which of the following correlation coefficients shows the strongest relationship?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.10 
B) 0.30 
C) 0.90 
D) 0.92 
A) 0.10 
B) 0.30 
C) 0.90 
D) 0.92

Question 7

One key difference between research and evaluation is the ability of the researcher to:

Accepted Answer

A)  control all extraneous variables. 
B)  generalize the results to a larger population. 
C)  predict the outcome based on probability factors. 
D)  remain objective during the research process. 
A)  control all extraneous variables. 
B)  generalize the results to a larger population. 
C)  predict the outcome based on probability factors. 
D)  remain objective during the research process.

Question 8

Which of the following will be most affected by scores that are extremely high or extremely low?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mean 
B)  Median 
C)  Mode 
D)  All of the above are affected equally. 
A)  Mean 
B)  Median 
C)  Mode 
D)  All of the above are affected equally.

Question 9

The level of significance usually set in nursing studies is at either:

Accepted Answer

A) .5 or .1. 
B) .03 or .003. 
C) .05 or .01. 
D) .005 or .001. 
A) .5 or .1. 
B) .03 or .003. 
C) .05 or .01. 
D) .005 or .001.

Question 10

Type I errors are more likely to occur when the level of significance is less than:

Accepted Answer

A) 0.05. 
B) 0.01. 
C) 0.001. 
D) 0.0001. 
A) 0.05. 
B) 0.01. 
C) 0.001. 
D) 0.0001.

Question 11

Which of the following variables are not matched correctly with their probable grouping status (grouped or ungrouped) in a frequency distribution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Age-grouped 
B)  Gender-grouped 
C)  Marital status-ungrouped 
D)  Time-grouped 
A)  Age-grouped 
B)  Gender-grouped 
C)  Marital status-ungrouped 
D)  Time-grouped

Question 12

A researcher reports that results of a study were not statistically significant. How is this to be interpreted?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intervention was not strong enough to make a difference. 
B)  Researcher does not have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. 
C)  Researcher's logic or conceptualization in setting up the study was faulty. 
D)  Topic is of no further interest to nurse researchers or clinicians. 
A)  Intervention was not strong enough to make a difference. 
B)  Researcher does not have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. 
C)  Researcher's logic or conceptualization in setting up the study was faulty. 
D)  Topic is of no further interest to nurse researchers or clinicians.

Question 13

Increasing the size of the sample can have an effect on the:

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha level. 
B)  internal consistency. 
C)  measurement error. 
D)  Type II error. 
A)  alpha level. 
B)  internal consistency. 
C)  measurement error. 
D)  Type II error.

Question 14

Research is reported in which the t-test is used to make multiple comparisons within the groups established for the study. Which of the following statements would someone reading the research correctly include in a critique of the study?

Accepted Answer

A)  "The researcher did not appear to know how to make correct use of the t-test." 
B)  "The t-test is the correct statistic to use when making comparisons between groups." 
C)  "There is concern over a Type II error caused by the multiple use of t-tests." 
D)  "With no mention of the Bonferroni procedure, it is difficult to judge the levels of significance." 
A)  "The researcher did not appear to know how to make correct use of the t-test." 
B)  "The t-test is the correct statistic to use when making comparisons between groups." 
C)  "There is concern over a Type II error caused by the multiple use of t-tests." 
D)  "With no mention of the Bonferroni procedure, it is difficult to judge the levels of significance."

Question 15

A recent research study investigating weight loss in the morbidly obese, found a statistically significant (p = 0.01) difference between subjects who followed an individually planned diet regimen with aerobic exercise and those in the treatment group, who also followed an individually planned diet regimen with aerobic exercise, but in addition, took a new medication. The medication, though extremely costly, created an additional 12 pound weight loss over the 3-month trial. What recommendations would be expected to come from this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Further research is suggested as the medication appears promising. 
B)  The findings are modest at best; the medication should not be recommended. 
C)  The medication can provide significant results for anyone needing to lose weight. 
D)  The expense is much too great to ever justify use of this medication. 
A)  Further research is suggested as the medication appears promising. 
B)  The findings are modest at best; the medication should not be recommended. 
C)  The medication can provide significant results for anyone needing to lose weight. 
D)  The expense is much too great to ever justify use of this medication.

Question 16

Which of the following are purposes of statistical analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prove the research hypothesis to be true. 
B)  Examine the numerical data gathered in a study. Provide insight into the meaning of the data. 
C)  Determine correct protocols for clinical research. 
D)  Prove the validity of a nursing theory. 
A)  Prove the research hypothesis to be true. 
B)  Examine the numerical data gathered in a study. Provide insight into the meaning of the data. 
C)  Determine correct protocols for clinical research. 
D)  Prove the validity of a nursing theory.

Question 17

In interpreting findings of a study, the researcher should:

Accepted Answer

A)  avoid discussion of problems encountered while doing the study that might influence outcomes. 
B)  emphasize that statistically significant findings must be incorporated into practice. 
C)  relate findings back to the purpose and framework of the study. 
D)  speculate about what the findings might mean to nursing practice. 
A)  avoid discussion of problems encountered while doing the study that might influence outcomes. 
B)  emphasize that statistically significant findings must be incorporated into practice. 
C)  relate findings back to the purpose and framework of the study. 
D)  speculate about what the findings might mean to nursing practice.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the level of significance? The level of significance:

Accepted Answer

A)  ensures that findings will be correct 95% of the time if an alpha value of less than 0.05 is used. 
B)  refers to a statistic calculated during computer analysis of data. 
C)  represents the probability of getting a calculated statistic as high as the one found in the study if the null hypothesis is really true. 
D)  represents the risk the researcher is willing to take in making a Type I error and is established before data are analyzed. 
A)  ensures that findings will be correct 95% of the time if an alpha value of less than 0.05 is used. 
B)  refers to a statistic calculated during computer analysis of data. 
C)  represents the probability of getting a calculated statistic as high as the one found in the study if the null hypothesis is really true. 
D)  represents the risk the researcher is willing to take in making a Type I error and is established before data are analyzed.

Question 19

The information, "t = 9.28 (df = 18)" indicates:

Accepted Answer

A)  that it is unlikely there is a significant difference in scores between groups. 
B)  that more than two groups of subjects participated in the study. 
C)  nothing about the statistical significance of the findings. 
D)  that scores for analysis came from independent groups of subjects. 
A)  that it is unlikely there is a significant difference in scores between groups. 
B)  that more than two groups of subjects participated in the study. 
C)  nothing about the statistical significance of the findings. 
D)  that scores for analysis came from independent groups of subjects.

Question 20

Results of an ANOVA analysis of three specialty nursing groups indicate there is a significant difference between groups on the practice of spiritual care. To determine where the difference occurs, the researcher would need to run which statistical analyses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Confirmatory 
B)  Post hoc 
C)  Predictive 
D)  Relational 
A)  Confirmatory 
B)  Post hoc 
C)  Predictive 
D)  Relational

The researcher's own voice is heard most in which section of a study?

What statistical test would you use to simultaneously test the difference between temperatures of four groups of subjects?

A researcher notes that 3 of 30 subjects had extreme anxiety scores when compared with the other subjects. These three subjects would be treated as:

In estimating the parameters of a population of students categorized by year in school, which of the following estimators is the most nonbiased?

Which of the following is an example of a dependent group?

Which of the following correlation coefficients shows the strongest relationship?

One key difference between research and evaluation is the ability of the researcher to:

Which of the following will be most affected by scores that are extremely high or extremely low?

The level of significance usually set in nursing studies is at either:

Type I errors are more likely to occur when the level of significance is less than:

Which of the following variables are not matched correctly with their probable grouping status (grouped or ungrouped) in a frequency distribution?

A researcher reports that results of a study were not statistically significant. How is this to be interpreted?

Increasing the size of the sample can have an effect on the:

Research is reported in which the t-test is used to make multiple comparisons within the groups established for the study. Which of the following statements would someone reading the research correctly include in a critique of the study?

Which of the following are purposes of statistical analysis?

In interpreting findings of a study, the researcher should:

Which of the following is true about the level of significance? The level of significance:

The information, "t = 9.28 (df = 18)" indicates:

Results of an ANOVA analysis of three specialty nursing groups indicate there is a significant difference between groups on the practice of spiritual care. To determine where the difference occurs, the researcher would need to run which statistical analyses?

Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Introduction to the Quantitative Research Process

Introduction to the Qualitative Research Process

Examining Ethics in Nursing Research

Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses

Understanding the Literature Review in Published Studies

Understanding Theory and Research Frameworks

Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs

Examining Populations and Samples in Research

Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research

Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice

Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Introduction to Outcomes Research

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Exam 11: Understanding Statistics in Research

The researcher's own voice is heard most in which section of a study?

What statistical test would you use to simultaneously test the difference between temperatures of four groups of subjects?

A researcher notes that 3 of 30 subjects had extreme anxiety scores when compared with the other subjects. These three subjects would be treated as:

In estimating the parameters of a population of students categorized by year in school, which of the following estimators is the most nonbiased?

Which of the following is an example of a dependent group?

Which of the following correlation coefficients shows the strongest relationship?

One key difference between research and evaluation is the ability of the researcher to:

Which of the following will be most affected by scores that are extremely high or extremely low?

The level of significance usually set in nursing studies is at either:

Type I errors are more likely to occur when the level of significance is less than:

Which of the following variables are not matched correctly with their probable grouping status (grouped or ungrouped) in a frequency distribution?

A researcher reports that results of a study were not statistically significant. How is this to be interpreted?

Increasing the size of the sample can have an effect on the:

Research is reported in which the t-test is used to make multiple comparisons within the groups established for the study. Which of the following statements would someone reading the research correctly include in a critique of the study?

Which of the following are purposes of statistical analysis?

In interpreting findings of a study, the researcher should:

Which of the following is true about the level of significance? The level of significance:

The information, "t = 9.28 (df = 18)" indicates:

Results of an ANOVA analysis of three specialty nursing groups indicate there is a significant difference between groups on the practice of spiritual care. To determine where the difference occurs, the researcher would need to run which statistical analyses?

Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Introduction to the Quantitative Research Process

Introduction to the Qualitative Research Process

Examining Ethics in Nursing Research

Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses

Understanding the Literature Review in Published Studies

Understanding Theory and Research Frameworks

Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs

Examining Populations and Samples in Research

Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research

Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice

Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Introduction to Outcomes Research

Filters