Question 1

When preparing data for analysis, which of the following variables would not most likely be grouped for statistical analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ounces of water consumed by new mothers 
B)  Race and ethnicity of nursing faculty members 
C)  Results of fasting blood sugar testing 
D)  Weight of student athletes 
A)  Ounces of water consumed by new mothers 
B)  Race and ethnicity of nursing faculty members 
C)  Results of fasting blood sugar testing 
D)  Weight of student athletes B

Question 2

Which of the following is true about Type I errors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Considered only when results are not statistically significant in a study 
B)  Extremely likely to happen when p is less than 0.001 
C)  More likely to happen when p is less than 0.01 rather than p is less than 0.05 
D)  Occur when the researcher says there is a significance, but findings are actually not statistically significant 
A)  Considered only when results are not statistically significant in a study 
B)  Extremely likely to happen when p is less than 0.001 
C)  More likely to happen when p is less than 0.01 rather than p is less than 0.05 
D)  Occur when the researcher says there is a significance, but findings are actually not statistically significant D

Question 3

Which of the following is true about the Pearson product moment correlation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Determines relationships between a set of predictors and one outcome 
B)  Examines bidirectional relationships between two variables 
C)  Investigates relationships between an independent and dependent variable 
D)  Measures variables at the nominal level 
A)  Determines relationships between a set of predictors and one outcome 
B)  Examines bidirectional relationships between two variables 
C)  Investigates relationships between an independent and dependent variable 
D)  Measures variables at the nominal level B

Question 4

There is a greater risk of making which error with a directional hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Concluding that there is a difference between groups when there really is no difference 
B)  Concluding that there is no difference between groups when there is an inverse relationship 
C)  Concluding that there is no difference between groups when there really is a difference 
D)  Rejecting the null hypothesis when the measurement error is moderate 
A)  Concluding that there is a difference between groups when there really is no difference 
B)  Concluding that there is no difference between groups when there is an inverse relationship 
C)  Concluding that there is no difference between groups when there really is a difference 
D)  Rejecting the null hypothesis when the measurement error is moderate

Question 5

Standard deviation is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  a difference score based on the lowest and highest value in the set. 
B)  scores grouped so that the range in each set is standardized and equal. 
C)  scores that have been standardized to have a mean of zero. 
D)  the average difference between the mean and each of the scores in the set. 
A)  a difference score based on the lowest and highest value in the set. 
B)  scores grouped so that the range in each set is standardized and equal. 
C)  scores that have been standardized to have a mean of zero. 
D)  the average difference between the mean and each of the scores in the set.

Question 6

Which of the following levels of significance would decrease the chance of a Type II error?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.10 
B) 0.05 
C) 0.01 
D) 0.001 
A) 0.10 
B) 0.05 
C) 0.01 
D) 0.001

Question 7

Which of the following measures would be helpful in interpreting the relationship of a particular score to the distribution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frequency 
B)  Mean 
C)  Standard deviation 
D)  Variance 
A)  Frequency 
B)  Mean 
C)  Standard deviation 
D)  Variance

Question 8

Which of the following study results are most common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mixed results 
B)  Nonsignificant results 
C)  Significant and predicted results 
D)  Unexpected results 
A)  Mixed results 
B)  Nonsignificant results 
C)  Significant and predicted results 
D)  Unexpected results

Question 9

What percent of scores will be within one standard deviation above or below the mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  34 
B)  68 
C)  95 
D)  99 
A)  34 
B)  68 
C)  95 
D)  99

Question 10

The median of the following set of numbers (12, 4, 13, 20, 4, 10, 14) is:

Accepted Answer

A) 4. 
B) 11. 
C) 12. 
D) 17. 
A) 4. 
B) 11. 
C) 12. 
D) 17.

Question 11

Unexpected results are best dealt with in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Included in the final report 
B)  Incorporated into the ongoing study 
C)  Ignored because they are suspect findings 
D)  Interchanged with the dependent variable 
A)  Included in the final report 
B)  Incorporated into the ongoing study 
C)  Ignored because they are suspect findings 
D)  Interchanged with the dependent variable

Question 12

Which test statistic is calculated for Pearson product moment correlation?

Accepted Answer

A)  F 
B)  r 
C)  t 
D)  X² 
A)  F 
B)  r 
C)  t 
D)  X²

Question 13

Which of the following interpretations is acceptable as worded?

Accepted Answer

A)  Findings suggest that cholesterol levels influence cardiac blood flow. 
B)  Results demonstrate that lithium has hazardous side effects in all humans. 
C)  The positive correlation between age and reaction time indicates that age is a causal factor in automobile accidents. 
D)  The study proved that cigarette smoking causes lung cancer. 
A)  Findings suggest that cholesterol levels influence cardiac blood flow. 
B)  Results demonstrate that lithium has hazardous side effects in all humans. 
C)  The positive correlation between age and reaction time indicates that age is a causal factor in automobile accidents. 
D)  The study proved that cigarette smoking causes lung cancer.

Question 14

A statistically significant finding means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  findings are clinically important and valuable. 
B)  interventions should be used in clinical practice. 
C)  obtained results are not likely to have been due to chance. 
D)  results will be the same if the study is repeated with another sample. 
A)  findings are clinically important and valuable. 
B)  interventions should be used in clinical practice. 
C)  obtained results are not likely to have been due to chance. 
D)  results will be the same if the study is repeated with another sample.

Question 15

The mean scores of two groups participating in a study are exactly the same for a particular variable. This suggests that the:

Accepted Answer

A)  average score is the same, but distribution of scores for each group are not known. 
B)  distribution and range of scores will be similar. 
C)  groups are definitely heterogeneous in relation to this variable. 
D)  groups are very much alike in relation to the variable. 
A)  average score is the same, but distribution of scores for each group are not known. 
B)  distribution and range of scores will be similar. 
C)  groups are definitely heterogeneous in relation to this variable. 
D)  groups are very much alike in relation to the variable.

Question 16

A researcher notes that although no mathematical significance was found, some premature infants who were exposed to soothing music for 6 hours daily exhibited lower heart rates and less crying. This finding would have which type of significance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clinical 
B)  General 
C)  Inferential 
D)  Statistical 
A)  Clinical 
B)  General 
C)  Inferential 
D)  Statistical

Question 17

Under what condition would the mean, median, and mode be equal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Equal range and standard deviation 
B)  Multimodal distribution of scores 
C)  Normal distribution of scores 
D)  Small variance 
A)  Equal range and standard deviation 
B)  Multimodal distribution of scores 
C)  Normal distribution of scores 
D)  Small variance

Question 18

Which of the following is an exploratory data analysis technique that is used to graphically illustrate the relationship of scores on one variable with scores on another variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Box-and-whiskers plot 
B)  Q-plot 
C)  Scatterplot 
D)  Stem-and-leaf display 
A)  Box-and-whiskers plot 
B)  Q-plot 
C)  Scatterplot 
D)  Stem-and-leaf display

Question 19

What statistical test would you use to test the difference in heart rate response to exercise between a group of cardiac patients involved in a formal cardiac rehabilitation program and another group exercising at home?

Accepted Answer

A)  Central tendency 
B)  Chi-square 
C)  Pearson product moment correlation 
D)  t-test 
A)  Central tendency 
B)  Chi-square 
C)  Pearson product moment correlation 
D)  t-test

Question 20

In reviewing a research study, which of the following statements would indicate clear problems with the findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Descriptive statistics indicated confirmation of the generalizability of the findings." 
B)  "From the random sample of 1500 subjects from 16 colleges and universities, it was determined that nursing students tend to eat healthier while studying for an exam than other undergraduate students." 
C)  "The instrument selected has been used in many previous studies and has good reliability and validity." 
D)  "The sample consisted of 5000 clients with hypertension cared for in primary care settings from around the county." 
A)  "Descriptive statistics indicated confirmation of the generalizability of the findings." 
B)  "From the random sample of 1500 subjects from 16 colleges and universities, it was determined that nursing students tend to eat healthier while studying for an exam than other undergraduate students." 
C)  "The instrument selected has been used in many previous studies and has good reliability and validity." 
D)  "The sample consisted of 5000 clients with hypertension cared for in primary care settings from around the county."

When preparing data for analysis, which of the following variables would not most likely be grouped for statistical analysis?

Which of the following is true about Type I errors?

Which of the following is true about the Pearson product moment correlation?

There is a greater risk of making which error with a directional hypothesis?

Standard deviation is defined as:

Which of the following levels of significance would decrease the chance of a Type II error?

Which of the following measures would be helpful in interpreting the relationship of a particular score to the distribution?

Which of the following study results are most common?

What percent of scores will be within one standard deviation above or below the mean?

The median of the following set of numbers (12, 4, 13, 20, 4, 10, 14) is:

Unexpected results are best dealt with in which of the following ways?

Which test statistic is calculated for Pearson product moment correlation?

Which of the following interpretations is acceptable as worded?

A statistically significant finding means that:

The mean scores of two groups participating in a study are exactly the same for a particular variable. This suggests that the:

A researcher notes that although no mathematical significance was found, some premature infants who were exposed to soothing music for 6 hours daily exhibited lower heart rates and less crying. This finding would have which type of significance?

Under what condition would the mean, median, and mode be equal?

Which of the following is an exploratory data analysis technique that is used to graphically illustrate the relationship of scores on one variable with scores on another variable?

What statistical test would you use to test the difference in heart rate response to exercise between a group of cardiac patients involved in a formal cardiac rehabilitation program and another group exercising at home?

In reviewing a research study, which of the following statements would indicate clear problems with the findings?

Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Introduction to the Quantitative Research Process

Introduction to the Qualitative Research Process

Examining Ethics in Nursing Research

Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses

Understanding the Literature Review in Published Studies

Understanding Theory and Research Frameworks

Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs

Examining Populations and Samples in Research

Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research

Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice

Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Introduction to Outcomes Research

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Exam 11: Understanding Statistics in Research

When preparing data for analysis, which of the following variables would not most likely be grouped for statistical analysis?

Which of the following is true about Type I errors?

Which of the following is true about the Pearson product moment correlation?

There is a greater risk of making which error with a directional hypothesis?

Standard deviation is defined as:

Which of the following levels of significance would decrease the chance of a Type II error?

Which of the following measures would be helpful in interpreting the relationship of a particular score to the distribution?

Which of the following study results are most common?

What percent of scores will be within one standard deviation above or below the mean?

The median of the following set of numbers (12, 4, 13, 20, 4, 10, 14) is:

Unexpected results are best dealt with in which of the following ways?

Which test statistic is calculated for Pearson product moment correlation?

Which of the following interpretations is acceptable as worded?

A statistically significant finding means that:

The mean scores of two groups participating in a study are exactly the same for a particular variable. This suggests that the:

A researcher notes that although no mathematical significance was found, some premature infants who were exposed to soothing music for 6 hours daily exhibited lower heart rates and less crying. This finding would have which type of significance?

Under what condition would the mean, median, and mode be equal?

Which of the following is an exploratory data analysis technique that is used to graphically illustrate the relationship of scores on one variable with scores on another variable?

What statistical test would you use to test the difference in heart rate response to exercise between a group of cardiac patients involved in a formal cardiac rehabilitation program and another group exercising at home?

In reviewing a research study, which of the following statements would indicate clear problems with the findings?

Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Introduction to the Quantitative Research Process

Introduction to the Qualitative Research Process

Examining Ethics in Nursing Research

Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses

Understanding the Literature Review in Published Studies

Understanding Theory and Research Frameworks

Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs

Examining Populations and Samples in Research

Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research

Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice

Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Introduction to Outcomes Research

Filters