Question 1

Correlational research has which of the following characteristics? Correlational research:

Accepted Answer

A)  can manipulate dependent variables. 
B)  can only be used to determine causality. 
C)  examines relationships between existing variables. 
D)  is always used to generate rather than test hypotheses. 
A)  can manipulate dependent variables. 
B)  can only be used to determine causality. 
C)  examines relationships between existing variables. 
D)  is always used to generate rather than test hypotheses. C

Question 2

The concept of causality would be important in which of the following research designs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Descriptive 
B)  Experimental 
C)  Phenomenological 
D)  Time dimensional 
A)  Descriptive 
B)  Experimental 
C)  Phenomenological 
D)  Time dimensional B

Question 3

A threat to internal validity of a study using a two-group pretest-posttest design is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  external events are extremely likely to affect the outcome of these studies. 
B)  people are more likely to drop out of this type of study. 
C)  the pretest may sensitize subjects so they change their behavior or responses on the posttest. 
D)  there is no way to determine if the groups are alike before starting the study. 
A)  external events are extremely likely to affect the outcome of these studies. 
B)  people are more likely to drop out of this type of study. 
C)  the pretest may sensitize subjects so they change their behavior or responses on the posttest. 
D)  there is no way to determine if the groups are alike before starting the study. C

Question 4

Which will help avoid the external validity of a study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hawthorne effect 
B)  Laboratory setting 
C)  Representativeness of the sample 
D)  Tight controls over all groups 
A)  Hawthorne effect 
B)  Laboratory setting 
C)  Representativeness of the sample 
D)  Tight controls over all groups

Question 5

Probability in research is associated with which kind of causality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Absolute 
B)  Conclusive 
C)  Definite 
D)  Likelihood 
A)  Absolute 
B)  Conclusive 
C)  Definite 
D)  Likelihood

Question 6

Nurses in a hypertension clinic have found that many patients do not comply with their treatment regimen. They designed an intervention based on Bandura's social cognitive theory and wanted to study the effect of this intervention in a convenience sample. Which of the following designs would be best suited?

Accepted Answer

A)  Correlational 
B)  Descriptive 
C)  Exploratory 
D)  Quasi-experimental 
A)  Correlational 
B)  Descriptive 
C)  Exploratory 
D)  Quasi-experimental

Question 7

Which of the following is a true statement regarding nursing research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Descriptive and correlational research methods are most successful in addressing the research questions nurses typically have. 
B)  Nurses do not typically attempt to conduct experimental research because it is beyond their level of expertise. 
C)  Nurses have successfully used a variety of designs in research studies because there are many types of questions to be answered. 
D)  The most common type of research used by nurse researchers is ethnographic research because it studies the lived experience of their patients. 
A)  Descriptive and correlational research methods are most successful in addressing the research questions nurses typically have. 
B)  Nurses do not typically attempt to conduct experimental research because it is beyond their level of expertise. 
C)  Nurses have successfully used a variety of designs in research studies because there are many types of questions to be answered. 
D)  The most common type of research used by nurse researchers is ethnographic research because it studies the lived experience of their patients.

Question 8

Matching of one subject with another and the use of random selection of subjects are examples of:

Accepted Answer

A)  causality. 
B)  control. 
C)  manipulation. 
D)  nonprobability sampling. 
A)  causality. 
B)  control. 
C)  manipulation. 
D)  nonprobability sampling.

Question 9

When critiquing a descriptive study, which of the following is important to find in the study report?

Accepted Answer

A)  A discussion of the variables of interest and how they were defined 
B)  A well-written directional hypothesis that describes the proposed relationship between the variables under study 
C)  Evidence of a random probability sample 
D)  The use of constant comparative analysis for data interpretation 
A)  A discussion of the variables of interest and how they were defined 
B)  A well-written directional hypothesis that describes the proposed relationship between the variables under study 
C)  Evidence of a random probability sample 
D)  The use of constant comparative analysis for data interpretation

Question 10

A possible reason that nurses have not been involved in conducting clinical trials until recently is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  funding in the amount needed had not been available. 
B)  little value was seen in conducting clinical trials. 
C)  nurses did not have the expertise to conduct large studies. 
D)  the research questions nurses asked did not lend themselves to a clinical trial. 
A)  funding in the amount needed had not been available. 
B)  little value was seen in conducting clinical trials. 
C)  nurses did not have the expertise to conduct large studies. 
D)  the research questions nurses asked did not lend themselves to a clinical trial.

Question 11

A dependent and independent variable would be used in which type of study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Case study 
B)  Causal 
C)  Homogenous 
D)  Replication 
A)  Case study 
B)  Causal 
C)  Homogenous 
D)  Replication

Question 12

Internal validity would be of most concern in which of the following study designs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Correlational 
B)  Descriptive 
C)  Exploratory 
D)  Quasi-experimental 
A)  Correlational 
B)  Descriptive 
C)  Exploratory 
D)  Quasi-experimental

Question 13

What is the biggest problem in the documented lack of replication studies in nursing research?

Accepted Answer

A)  A knowledge base is not developing. 
B)  Nurses do not learn how best to conduct studies. 
C)  Replicating studies is more scholarly. 
D)  Very few people hear about the research. 
A)  A knowledge base is not developing. 
B)  Nurses do not learn how best to conduct studies. 
C)  Replicating studies is more scholarly. 
D)  Very few people hear about the research.

Question 14

The one-group pretest-posttest design is an example of what type of design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Comparative 
B)  Descriptive 
C)  Experimental 
D)  Quasi-experimental 
A)  Comparative 
B)  Descriptive 
C)  Experimental 
D)  Quasi-experimental

Question 15

A researcher has designed a study looking at the effects of peer support on outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients. In designing the study, the researcher randomly assigns some patients to a group who will receive support from a recovered CABG patient and some patients to a group who receive no formal support from another CABG patient. This process would be an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bias 
B)  Manipulation 
C)  Multicausality 
D)  Probability 
A)  Bias 
B)  Manipulation 
C)  Multicausality 
D)  Probability

Question 16

In experimental research, the researcher's control of the "treatment" is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  bias. 
B)  manipulation. 
C)  random selection. 
D)  validity. 
A)  bias. 
B)  manipulation. 
C)  random selection. 
D)  validity.

Question 17

The "T" placed in the research design model below indicates:

Accepted Answer

A)  test. 
B)  time. 
C)  treatment. 
D)  trial. 
A)  test. 
B)  time. 
C)  treatment. 
D)  trial.

Question 18

A researcher is interested in looking at the relationship between sleep and use of meditation in nurses who work the night shift. The researcher obtains permission to collect data from the night nurses at a local hospital. While planning the study, the researcher is informed that a nurse on the night shift in intensive care is a frequent speaker on meditation techniques. The researcher must now address what specific issue related to her study design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bias 
B)  Manipulation 
C)  Multicausality 
D)  Probability 
A)  Bias 
B)  Manipulation 
C)  Multicausality 
D)  Probability

Question 19

In a critique of a case study design, one would need to pay particular attention to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  How long ago it was conducted 
B)  The number of subjects in the sample 
C)  What the goal of the study was 
D)  Whether it was quantitative or qualitative 
A)  How long ago it was conducted 
B)  The number of subjects in the sample 
C)  What the goal of the study was 
D)  Whether it was quantitative or qualitative

Question 20

The diagram below represents what type of design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Factorial design 
B)  Posttest-only design 
C)  Pretest-posttest control group design 
D)  Time series design 
A)  Factorial design 
B)  Posttest-only design 
C)  Pretest-posttest control group design 
D)  Time series design

Correlational research has which of the following characteristics? Correlational research:

The concept of causality would be important in which of the following research designs?

A threat to internal validity of a study using a two-group pretest-posttest design is that:

Which will help avoid the external validity of a study?

Probability in research is associated with which kind of causality?

Which of the following is a true statement regarding nursing research?

Matching of one subject with another and the use of random selection of subjects are examples of:

When critiquing a descriptive study, which of the following is important to find in the study report?

A possible reason that nurses have not been involved in conducting clinical trials until recently is that:

A dependent and independent variable would be used in which type of study?

Internal validity would be of most concern in which of the following study designs?

What is the biggest problem in the documented lack of replication studies in nursing research?

The one-group pretest-posttest design is an example of what type of design?

In experimental research, the researcher's control of the "treatment" is referred to as:

The "T" placed in the research design model below indicates:

In a critique of a case study design, one would need to pay particular attention to which of the following?

The diagram below represents what type of design?

Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Introduction to the Quantitative Research Process

Introduction to the Qualitative Research Process

Examining Ethics in Nursing Research

Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses

Understanding the Literature Review in Published Studies

Understanding Theory and Research Frameworks

Examining Populations and Samples in Research

Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research

Understanding Statistics in Research

Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice

Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Introduction to Outcomes Research

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Exam 8: Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs

Correlational research has which of the following characteristics? Correlational research:

The concept of causality would be important in which of the following research designs?

A threat to internal validity of a study using a two-group pretest-posttest design is that:

Which will help avoid the external validity of a study?

Probability in research is associated with which kind of causality?

Which of the following is a true statement regarding nursing research?

Matching of one subject with another and the use of random selection of subjects are examples of:

When critiquing a descriptive study, which of the following is important to find in the study report?

A possible reason that nurses have not been involved in conducting clinical trials until recently is that:

A dependent and independent variable would be used in which type of study?

Internal validity would be of most concern in which of the following study designs?

What is the biggest problem in the documented lack of replication studies in nursing research?

The one-group pretest-posttest design is an example of what type of design?

In experimental research, the researcher's control of the "treatment" is referred to as:

The "T" placed in the research design model below indicates:

In a critique of a case study design, one would need to pay particular attention to which of the following?

The diagram below represents what type of design?

Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Introduction to the Quantitative Research Process

Introduction to the Qualitative Research Process

Examining Ethics in Nursing Research

Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses

Understanding the Literature Review in Published Studies

Understanding Theory and Research Frameworks

Examining Populations and Samples in Research

Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research

Understanding Statistics in Research

Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice

Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Introduction to Outcomes Research

Filters