Question 1

Which is the largest group from among this list?

Accepted Answer

A)  Accessible population 
B)  Control group 
C)  Sample 
D)  Target population 
A)  Accessible population 
B)  Control group 
C)  Sample 
D)  Target population D

Question 2

Which of the following is true about probability sampling? Probability sampling:

Accepted Answer

A)  can take different forms, but random selection is always used. 
B)  is the most economical way to get large numbers of subjects. 
C)  guarantees that the sample is representative. 
D)  subjects are handpicked because they have the expertise to provide information for the study. 
A)  can take different forms, but random selection is always used. 
B)  is the most economical way to get large numbers of subjects. 
C)  guarantees that the sample is representative. 
D)  subjects are handpicked because they have the expertise to provide information for the study. A

Question 3

An advantage of convenience sampling is:

Accepted Answer

A)  ease in obtaining subjects. 
B)  increased internal validity and control. 
C)  low risk of sampling bias. 
D)  representativeness of sample is ensured. 
A)  ease in obtaining subjects. 
B)  increased internal validity and control. 
C)  low risk of sampling bias. 
D)  representativeness of sample is ensured. A

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true about stratified random sampling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Allows the researcher to use a smaller sample size 
B)  Ensures obtaining a larger sample at lower cost 
C)  Internal validity is strengthened with this type of sampling 
D)  Involves the selection of certain subjects from a convenience sample 
A)  Allows the researcher to use a smaller sample size 
B)  Ensures obtaining a larger sample at lower cost 
C)  Internal validity is strengthened with this type of sampling 
D)  Involves the selection of certain subjects from a convenience sample

Question 5

Cluster sampling is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a form of nonprobability sampling used in small surveys. 
B)  also known as multistage sampling. 
C)  unlikely to result in sampling errors. 
D)  useful when the target population is found in a small geographical area. 
A)  a form of nonprobability sampling used in small surveys. 
B)  also known as multistage sampling. 
C)  unlikely to result in sampling errors. 
D)  useful when the target population is found in a small geographical area.

Question 6

To detect a significant difference between two groups when the effect size is small, what should the researcher do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conduct a pilot study. 
B)  Obtain a different sample. 
C)  Increase the sample size. 
D)  Perform additional analysis. 
A)  Conduct a pilot study. 
B)  Obtain a different sample. 
C)  Increase the sample size. 
D)  Perform additional analysis.

Question 7

Which of the following factors do not influence saturation of data and therefore sample size in a qualitative study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Quality of the data 
B)  Randomization of the sample 
C)  Scope of the study 
D)  Study design 
A)  Quality of the data 
B)  Randomization of the sample 
C)  Scope of the study 
D)  Study design

Question 8

A researcher is interested in studying lifestyle management in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The researcher contacts the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America to determine how to best access this patient population. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Accessible population 
B)  Element 
C)  Sample 
D)  Target population 
A)  Accessible population 
B)  Element 
C)  Sample 
D)  Target population

Question 9

Which of the following would be the best method for randomly assigning subjects (n = 40) to treatment (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups in an intervention study? Assign numbers to all subjects and:

Accepted Answer

A)  ignore numbers; group the subjects by diagnosis or physician. 
B)  place the first 20 subjects in one group and the last in the other. 
C)  put even-numbered subjects in one group, odd numbered in the other. 
D)  put numbers 1 to 40 in a box and blindly draw from the box. 
A)  ignore numbers; group the subjects by diagnosis or physician. 
B)  place the first 20 subjects in one group and the last in the other. 
C)  put even-numbered subjects in one group, odd numbered in the other. 
D)  put numbers 1 to 40 in a box and blindly draw from the box.

Question 10

A researcher wanting to explore the lives of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer obtains a random sample of the population. What part of the study will be strengthened because of the random sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  Feasibility 
B)  Reliability 
C)  Statistical power 
D)  Validity 
A)  Feasibility 
B)  Reliability 
C)  Statistical power 
D)  Validity

Question 11

Which of the following types of sampling is considered to be the weakest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cluster 
B)  Convenience 
C)  Quota 
D)  Systematic 
A)  Cluster 
B)  Convenience 
C)  Quota 
D)  Systematic

Question 12

Why do qualitative researchers need to be as concerned with sample size as quantitative researchers do? Qualitative researchers:

Accepted Answer

A)  are reaching the objectives of their study in a similar way. 
B)  need subjects who are able and willing to share their knowledge, oftentimes in repeated and more in-depth interviews than subjects in quantitative studies. 
C)  need to gain a narrow focus rather than a broad perspective as their research purpose. 
D)  will be analyzing the data with statistical techniques that require certain numbers of subjects. 
A)  are reaching the objectives of their study in a similar way. 
B)  need subjects who are able and willing to share their knowledge, oftentimes in repeated and more in-depth interviews than subjects in quantitative studies. 
C)  need to gain a narrow focus rather than a broad perspective as their research purpose. 
D)  will be analyzing the data with statistical techniques that require certain numbers of subjects.

Question 13

Apart from sample size, which of the following is typically not considered when determining the power of a study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensitivity of the instruments used 
B)  Number of variables 
C)  Skill of the researcher 
D)  Data analysis techniques 
A)  Sensitivity of the instruments used 
B)  Number of variables 
C)  Skill of the researcher 
D)  Data analysis techniques

Question 14

The adequacy of a sample would be primarily based on which of the following criteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Method chosen for sample selection 
B)  Representativeness of the population 
C)  Size of the total population 
D)  Willingness of subjects to participate 
A)  Method chosen for sample selection 
B)  Representativeness of the population 
C)  Size of the total population 
D)  Willingness of subjects to participate

Question 15

Which of the following is true about sample size in a qualitative study?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Adequate sample size" is of no concern to a qualitative researcher because there is no statistical analysis involved. 
B)  Sample size is deemed to be adequate when the researcher is detecting no new knowledge from additional subjects. 
C)  Subjects who have knowledge of a situation assist the researcher in determining whether the sample size is adequate. 
D)  There is a test similar to the power analysis in a quantitative study that can be used to determine an adequate sample size for qualitative research. 
A)  "Adequate sample size" is of no concern to a qualitative researcher because there is no statistical analysis involved. 
B)  Sample size is deemed to be adequate when the researcher is detecting no new knowledge from additional subjects. 
C)  Subjects who have knowledge of a situation assist the researcher in determining whether the sample size is adequate. 
D)  There is a test similar to the power analysis in a quantitative study that can be used to determine an adequate sample size for qualitative research.

Question 16

A researcher reports on a study conducted to determine if a new educational program has helped dialysis patients become more compliant with their fluid restrictions. The findings indicated that there was no difference. The report did include that a power analysis was performed to determine if the sample size (n = 100) was adequate. The power level was .5. What should the reader conclude?

Accepted Answer

A)  A sample of 100 is certainly adequate in a clinical study. The researcher should adjust the educational program. 
B)  Chances are high that a Type I error has occurred. 
C)  Findings of no difference are not surprising; it is difficult to make an impact on this population of patients. 
D)  There is a high likelihood that the sample size was not adequate, and the study should be replicated using more subjects. 
A)  A sample of 100 is certainly adequate in a clinical study. The researcher should adjust the educational program. 
B)  Chances are high that a Type I error has occurred. 
C)  Findings of no difference are not surprising; it is difficult to make an impact on this population of patients. 
D)  There is a high likelihood that the sample size was not adequate, and the study should be replicated using more subjects.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true about sampling plans?

Accepted Answer

A)  A probability sampling plan is a better plan than a nonprobability one. 
B)  A sampling plan outlines strategies used to obtain a sample for a study. 
C)  Each study has its own sampling method, unique to that project. 
D)  Getting a sample that is the most representative is the ideal, not the goal, of the sampling plan. 
A)  A probability sampling plan is a better plan than a nonprobability one. 
B)  A sampling plan outlines strategies used to obtain a sample for a study. 
C)  Each study has its own sampling method, unique to that project. 
D)  Getting a sample that is the most representative is the ideal, not the goal, of the sampling plan.

Question 18

Which of the following types of studies would need the largest sample size?

Accepted Answer

A)  Case studies 
B)  Descriptive studies 
C)  Experimental studies 
D)  Quasi-experimental studies 
A)  Case studies 
B)  Descriptive studies 
C)  Experimental studies 
D)  Quasi-experimental studies

Question 19

A researcher was able to obtain a list of all lung cancer patients in the Southeast. If a table of random numbers was used to create a sample from that original list and then those individuals agreed to participate in a study, what kind of sample would have been created?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cluster 
B)  Convenience 
C)  Simple random 
D)  Stratified random 
A)  Cluster 
B)  Convenience 
C)  Simple random 
D)  Stratified random

Question 20

Which of the following samples is least likely to be representative of the overall population?

Accepted Answer

A)  Convenience 
B)  Quota 
C)  Random 
D)  Stratified random 
A)  Convenience 
B)  Quota 
C)  Random 
D)  Stratified random

Which is the largest group from among this list?

Which of the following is true about probability sampling? Probability sampling:

An advantage of convenience sampling is:

Which of the following statements is true about stratified random sampling?

Cluster sampling is:

To detect a significant difference between two groups when the effect size is small, what should the researcher do?

Which of the following factors do not influence saturation of data and therefore sample size in a qualitative study?

Which of the following would be the best method for randomly assigning subjects (n = 40) to treatment (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups in an intervention study? Assign numbers to all subjects and:

A researcher wanting to explore the lives of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer obtains a random sample of the population. What part of the study will be strengthened because of the random sample?

Which of the following types of sampling is considered to be the weakest?

Why do qualitative researchers need to be as concerned with sample size as quantitative researchers do? Qualitative researchers:

Apart from sample size, which of the following is typically not considered when determining the power of a study?

The adequacy of a sample would be primarily based on which of the following criteria?

Which of the following is true about sample size in a qualitative study?

Which of the following statements is true about sampling plans?

Which of the following types of studies would need the largest sample size?

A researcher was able to obtain a list of all lung cancer patients in the Southeast. If a table of random numbers was used to create a sample from that original list and then those individuals agreed to participate in a study, what kind of sample would have been created?

Which of the following samples is least likely to be representative of the overall population?

Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Introduction to the Quantitative Research Process

Introduction to the Qualitative Research Process

Examining Ethics in Nursing Research

Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses

Understanding the Literature Review in Published Studies

Understanding Theory and Research Frameworks

Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs

Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research

Understanding Statistics in Research

Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice

Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Introduction to Outcomes Research

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Exam 9: Examining Populations and Samples in Research

Which is the largest group from among this list?

Which of the following is true about probability sampling? Probability sampling:

An advantage of convenience sampling is:

Which of the following statements is true about stratified random sampling?

Cluster sampling is:

To detect a significant difference between two groups when the effect size is small, what should the researcher do?

Which of the following factors do not influence saturation of data and therefore sample size in a qualitative study?

Which of the following would be the best method for randomly assigning subjects (n = 40) to treatment (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups in an intervention study? Assign numbers to all subjects and:

A researcher wanting to explore the lives of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer obtains a random sample of the population. What part of the study will be strengthened because of the random sample?

Which of the following types of sampling is considered to be the weakest?

Why do qualitative researchers need to be as concerned with sample size as quantitative researchers do? Qualitative researchers:

Apart from sample size, which of the following is typically not considered when determining the power of a study?

The adequacy of a sample would be primarily based on which of the following criteria?

Which of the following is true about sample size in a qualitative study?

Which of the following statements is true about sampling plans?

Which of the following types of studies would need the largest sample size?

A researcher was able to obtain a list of all lung cancer patients in the Southeast. If a table of random numbers was used to create a sample from that original list and then those individuals agreed to participate in a study, what kind of sample would have been created?

Which of the following samples is least likely to be representative of the overall population?

Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Introduction to the Quantitative Research Process

Introduction to the Qualitative Research Process

Examining Ethics in Nursing Research

Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses

Understanding the Literature Review in Published Studies

Understanding Theory and Research Frameworks

Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs

Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research

Understanding Statistics in Research

Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice

Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Introduction to Outcomes Research

Filters