Question 1

Which of the following is an advantage of observational methods of data collection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Data are free from distortions or biases. 
B)  Inferences are based on attitudes and values of the observer. 
C)  Subjectivity of researcher's observations adds credibility. 
D)  These directly capture a record of events and behaviors. 
A)  Data are free from distortions or biases. 
B)  Inferences are based on attitudes and values of the observer. 
C)  Subjectivity of researcher's observations adds credibility. 
D)  These directly capture a record of events and behaviors.

Question 2

Which of the following represents the same idea for physiological instruments as reliability does for psychosocial instruments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Accuracy 
B)  Precision 
C)  Selectivity 
D)  Sensitivity 
A)  Accuracy 
B)  Precision 
C)  Selectivity 
D)  Sensitivity

Question 3

What type of data collection method could be used in a study assessing the crying patterns and feeding patterns of infants related to their gestational age at birth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interviews 
B)  Observation 
C)  Semantic differential scale 
D)  Visual analogue scale 
A)  Interviews 
B)  Observation 
C)  Semantic differential scale 
D)  Visual analogue scale

Question 4

Reliability could be established for a physiological instrument, such as an automatic blood pressure (BP) cuff, by:

Accepted Answer

A)  measuring pulse rate and BP. 
B)  recalibrating the equipment. 
C)  taking the BP in a different arm. 
D)  using another BP cuff to compare results. 
A)  measuring pulse rate and BP. 
B)  recalibrating the equipment. 
C)  taking the BP in a different arm. 
D)  using another BP cuff to compare results.

Question 5

Cronbach's alpha is used in tool development to determine:

Accepted Answer

A)  equivalence of items. 
B)  internal consistency. 
C)  stability of measurement. 
D)  triangulation of theories. 
A)  equivalence of items. 
B)  internal consistency. 
C)  stability of measurement. 
D)  triangulation of theories.

Question 6

A researcher records the weight of subjects in a study as: 
(1) normal for height.
(2) overweight for height.
(3) underweight for height.
A nominal level of measurement is used. Which of the following levels of measurement could also be used?

Accepted Answer

A)  Categorical 
B)  Interval 
C)  Ordinal 
D)  Ratio 
A)  Categorical 
B)  Interval 
C)  Ordinal 
D)  Ratio

Question 7

Consistency is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  content analysis. 
B)  level of measurement. 
C)  reliability. 
D)  validity. 
A)  content analysis. 
B)  level of measurement. 
C)  reliability. 
D)  validity.

Question 8

What level of measurement is represented by the following? 
For families of three children, indicate where the male child is in the birth order.
_______ (1) Oldest
_______ (2) Middle
_______ (3) Youngest

Accepted Answer

A)  Interval 
B)  Nominal 
C)  Ordinal 
D)  Ratio 
A)  Interval 
B)  Nominal 
C)  Ordinal 
D)  Ratio

Question 9

Which level of measurement is indicated when referring to a temperature of 70° F?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interval 
B)  Nominal 
C)  Ordinal 
D)  Ratio 
A)  Interval 
B)  Nominal 
C)  Ordinal 
D)  Ratio

Question 10

When renewing a nursing license, nurses are asked to indicate their area of specialization. This datum is measured on which scale?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interval 
B)  Nominal 
C)  Ordinal 
D)  Ratio 
A)  Interval 
B)  Nominal 
C)  Ordinal 
D)  Ratio

Question 11

Serendipitous findings are best dealt with in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Included in the final written report 
B)  Incorporated into the ongoing study 
C)  Ignored because they are suspect findings 
D)  Interchanged with the dependent variable 
A)  Included in the final written report 
B)  Incorporated into the ongoing study 
C)  Ignored because they are suspect findings 
D)  Interchanged with the dependent variable

Question 12

Which of the following scales is most sensitive to differences between ratings?

Accepted Answer

A)  A visual analogue scale 
B)  0- to 10-numerical rating scale 
C)  Five-item verbal descriptor scale 
D)  Seven-item Likert scale 
A)  A visual analogue scale 
B)  0- to 10-numerical rating scale 
C)  Five-item verbal descriptor scale 
D)  Seven-item Likert scale

Question 13

A researcher studying coping strategies is concerned that women with HIV will feel reluctant to share their experiences. Which of the following strategies is useful for facilitating data collection with potentially threatening research topics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Focus group 
B)  Mailed questionnaire 
C)  One-to-one interview 
D)  Participant observation 
A)  Focus group 
B)  Mailed questionnaire 
C)  One-to-one interview 
D)  Participant observation

Question 14

An indirect measure would be used to measure which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heart rate 
B)  Oxygen saturation 
C)  Spiritual perspective 
D)  Temperature 
A)  Heart rate 
B)  Oxygen saturation 
C)  Spiritual perspective 
D)  Temperature

Question 15

A correlation coefficient is used in tool development to determine:

Accepted Answer

A)  equivalence of items. 
B)  reliability. 
C)  stability. 
D)  validity. 
A)  equivalence of items. 
B)  reliability. 
C)  stability. 
D)  validity.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of random error in measurement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Consistent use of a tuning fork pitched too high 
B)  Inadvertent deletion of one question from the questionnaire sent to all subjects in a study 
C)  Occasional discussion of questions with some subjects during completion of the measurement tool 
D)  Use of a mismarked tape measure to determine infant head circumference 
A)  Consistent use of a tuning fork pitched too high 
B)  Inadvertent deletion of one question from the questionnaire sent to all subjects in a study 
C)  Occasional discussion of questions with some subjects during completion of the measurement tool 
D)  Use of a mismarked tape measure to determine infant head circumference

Question 17

In critiquing nominal-level instruments, the reviewer checks the items in the instrument to be sure they are:

Accepted Answer

A)  mutually exclusive and exhaustive. 
B)  precise and complete. 
C)  stable and structured. 
D)  valid and reliable. 
A)  mutually exclusive and exhaustive. 
B)  precise and complete. 
C)  stable and structured. 
D)  valid and reliable.

Question 18

The aspect of reliability for which interrater reliability is appropriate is:

Accepted Answer

A)  equivalence. 
B)  homogeneity. 
C)  internal consistency. 
D)  stability. 
A)  equivalence. 
B)  homogeneity. 
C)  internal consistency. 
D)  stability.

Question 19

A blood hemoglobin measurement of 13.5 g/100 mL would be which level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interval 
B)  Nominal 
C)  Ordinal 
D)  Ratio 
A)  Interval 
B)  Nominal 
C)  Ordinal 
D)  Ratio

Question 20

Unstructured interviews are preferred over other types of self-report data in studies in which:

Accepted Answer

A)  in-depth information is of greatest importance. 
B)  large numbers of subjects are expected to participate. 
C)  researcher time and resources are limited. 
D)  there are many specific questions to be asked. 
A)  in-depth information is of greatest importance. 
B)  large numbers of subjects are expected to participate. 
C)  researcher time and resources are limited. 
D)  there are many specific questions to be asked.

Which of the following is an advantage of observational methods of data collection?

Which of the following represents the same idea for physiological instruments as reliability does for psychosocial instruments?

What type of data collection method could be used in a study assessing the crying patterns and feeding patterns of infants related to their gestational age at birth?

Reliability could be established for a physiological instrument, such as an automatic blood pressure (BP) cuff, by:

Cronbach's alpha is used in tool development to determine:

A researcher records the weight of subjects in a study as: (1) normal for height. (2) overweight for height. (3) underweight for height. A nominal level of measurement is used. Which of the following levels of measurement could also be used?

Consistency is associated with:

What level of measurement is represented by the following? For families of three children, indicate where the male child is in the birth order. ___ (1) Oldest _ (2) Middle _____ (3) Youngest

Which level of measurement is indicated when referring to a temperature of 70° F?

When renewing a nursing license, nurses are asked to indicate their area of specialization. This datum is measured on which scale?

Serendipitous findings are best dealt with in which of the following ways?

Which of the following scales is most sensitive to differences between ratings?

A researcher studying coping strategies is concerned that women with HIV will feel reluctant to share their experiences. Which of the following strategies is useful for facilitating data collection with potentially threatening research topics?

An indirect measure would be used to measure which of the following?

A correlation coefficient is used in tool development to determine:

Which of the following is an example of random error in measurement?

In critiquing nominal-level instruments, the reviewer checks the items in the instrument to be sure they are:

The aspect of reliability for which interrater reliability is appropriate is:

A blood hemoglobin measurement of 13.5 g/100 mL would be which level of measurement?

Unstructured interviews are preferred over other types of self-report data in studies in which:

Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Introduction to the Quantitative Research Process

Introduction to the Qualitative Research Process

Examining Ethics in Nursing Research

Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses

Understanding the Literature Review in Published Studies

Understanding Theory and Research Frameworks

Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs

Examining Populations and Samples in Research

Understanding Statistics in Research

Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice

Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Introduction to Outcomes Research

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Exam 10: Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research

Which of the following is an advantage of observational methods of data collection?

Which of the following represents the same idea for physiological instruments as reliability does for psychosocial instruments?

What type of data collection method could be used in a study assessing the crying patterns and feeding patterns of infants related to their gestational age at birth?

Reliability could be established for a physiological instrument, such as an automatic blood pressure (BP) cuff, by:

Cronbach's alpha is used in tool development to determine:

A researcher records the weight of subjects in a study as: (1) normal for height. (2) overweight for height. (3) underweight for height. A nominal level of measurement is used. Which of the following levels of measurement could also be used?

Consistency is associated with:

What level of measurement is represented by the following? For families of three children, indicate where the male child is in the birth order. _______ (1) Oldest _______ (2) Middle _______ (3) Youngest

Which level of measurement is indicated when referring to a temperature of 70° F?

When renewing a nursing license, nurses are asked to indicate their area of specialization. This datum is measured on which scale?

Serendipitous findings are best dealt with in which of the following ways?

Which of the following scales is most sensitive to differences between ratings?

A researcher studying coping strategies is concerned that women with HIV will feel reluctant to share their experiences. Which of the following strategies is useful for facilitating data collection with potentially threatening research topics?

An indirect measure would be used to measure which of the following?

A correlation coefficient is used in tool development to determine:

Which of the following is an example of random error in measurement?

In critiquing nominal-level instruments, the reviewer checks the items in the instrument to be sure they are:

The aspect of reliability for which interrater reliability is appropriate is:

A blood hemoglobin measurement of 13.5 g/100 mL would be which level of measurement?

Unstructured interviews are preferred over other types of self-report data in studies in which:

Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Introduction to the Quantitative Research Process

Introduction to the Qualitative Research Process

Examining Ethics in Nursing Research

Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses

Understanding the Literature Review in Published Studies

Understanding Theory and Research Frameworks

Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs

Examining Populations and Samples in Research

Understanding Statistics in Research

Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice

Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Introduction to Outcomes Research

Filters

What level of measurement is represented by the following? For families of three children, indicate where the male child is in the birth order. ___ (1) Oldest _ (2) Middle _____ (3) Youngest