Question 1

How does a qualitative historical researcher determine validity and reliability? The researcher:

Accepted Answer

A)  determines that theoretical saturation is reached with as many primary sources as possible and secondary sources on a limited basis. 
B)  does not need to be concerned with validity and reliability. 
C)  finds as many sources as possible on the topic and does not exclude any of them. 
D)  uses references written about the subject by qualified experts to help ensure validity and reliability. 
A)  determines that theoretical saturation is reached with as many primary sources as possible and secondary sources on a limited basis. 
B)  does not need to be concerned with validity and reliability. 
C)  finds as many sources as possible on the topic and does not exclude any of them. 
D)  uses references written about the subject by qualified experts to help ensure validity and reliability.

Question 2

External criticism of documents used in historical research asks which of the following questions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Are the documents real or fraudulent? 
B)  Are the eyewitnesses who provided the information still living? 
C)  Is the document well known? 
D)  Is the information in the document interesting? 
A)  Are the documents real or fraudulent? 
B)  Are the eyewitnesses who provided the information still living? 
C)  Is the document well known? 
D)  Is the information in the document interesting?

Question 3

The following research steps could be found in which type of qualitative research? Formulating an idea
Developing research questions
Developing an inventory of sources
Clarifying validity and reliability of sources

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethnographic 
B)  Grounded theory 
C)  Historical 
D)  Phenomenological 
A)  Ethnographic 
B)  Grounded theory 
C)  Historical 
D)  Phenomenological

Question 4

According to a study of nurses and medication errors using the ethnographic approach, what are nurses doing when "error" is redefined?

Accepted Answer

A)  Creating a unique definition of error, specific to that particular person 
B)  Deciding not to report medication errors 
C)  Determining that the incident did not really happen as stated 
D)  Eliminating guilt regarding the incident 
A)  Creating a unique definition of error, specific to that particular person 
B)  Deciding not to report medication errors 
C)  Determining that the incident did not really happen as stated 
D)  Eliminating guilt regarding the incident

Question 5

The purpose of ethnographic research is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  describe experiences as they are lived. 
B)  examine events of the past. 
C)  observe and document interactions within a culture. 
D)  study phenomena that contribute to theory development. 
A)  describe experiences as they are lived. 
B)  examine events of the past. 
C)  observe and document interactions within a culture. 
D)  study phenomena that contribute to theory development.

Question 6

The components of rigor in qualitative research are:

Accepted Answer

A)  availability, bias, and significance. 
B)  openness and adherence to the philosophical orientation. 
C)  predicting, confidentiality, and anonymity. 
D)  sampling, partitioning, and setting. 
A)  availability, bias, and significance. 
B)  openness and adherence to the philosophical orientation. 
C)  predicting, confidentiality, and anonymity. 
D)  sampling, partitioning, and setting.

Question 7

Which of the following is the strongest argument in favor of historical research in nursing?

Accepted Answer

A)  All professions are characterized by knowledge of the history. 
B)  It is a method well suited to nurse researchers. 
C)  Nurses need to know their roots. 
D)  There needs to be a historical base on which to build. 
A)  All professions are characterized by knowledge of the history. 
B)  It is a method well suited to nurse researchers. 
C)  Nurses need to know their roots. 
D)  There needs to be a historical base on which to build.

Question 8

Why would the Hermeneutic approach be of interest to nursing researchers? The Hermeneutic approach:

Accepted Answer

A)  is a type of phenomenological research introduced by Heidegger. 
B)  is the most easily understood of the qualitative approaches. 
C)  seeks to increase the understanding of human nature. 
D)  was used to interpret Biblical texts. 
A)  is a type of phenomenological research introduced by Heidegger. 
B)  is the most easily understood of the qualitative approaches. 
C)  seeks to increase the understanding of human nature. 
D)  was used to interpret Biblical texts.

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic of phenomenological research methodology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bracketing 
B)  Comparison 
C)  Control 
D)  Objectivity 
A)  Bracketing 
B)  Comparison 
C)  Control 
D)  Objectivity

Question 10

A study investigating how nurses in the health care system looked on medication errors was conducted using the ethnographic approach. Why was this approach particularly appropriate for this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  It asked the nurses what it was like for them when they made a medication error. 
B)  It explored the theoretical basis of medication administration and medication errors. 
C)  It improved understanding of how nurses within the hospital define or redefine medication errors. 
D)  Looking at the history of medication errors helps shed light on current practice. 
A)  It asked the nurses what it was like for them when they made a medication error. 
B)  It explored the theoretical basis of medication administration and medication errors. 
C)  It improved understanding of how nurses within the hospital define or redefine medication errors. 
D)  Looking at the history of medication errors helps shed light on current practice.

Question 11

The main reason for not including qualitative studies in reviews for evidence-based practice is:

Accepted Answer

A)  that it is difficult to evaluate qualitative studies. 
B)  that many topics do not have qualitative studies available. 
C)  the lack of rigor in qualitative research. 
D)  that there are not enough qualitative researchers. 
A)  that it is difficult to evaluate qualitative studies. 
B)  that many topics do not have qualitative studies available. 
C)  the lack of rigor in qualitative research. 
D)  that there are not enough qualitative researchers.

Question 12

Which approach to generating knowledge is most represented by qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deductive logic 
B)  Inductive logic 
C)  Tradition 
D)  Trial and error 
A)  Deductive logic 
B)  Inductive logic 
C)  Tradition 
D)  Trial and error

Question 13

The purpose of phenomenological research is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  describe experiences as they are lived. 
B)  examine events of the past. 
C)  observe and document interactions within a culture. 
D)  study phenomena that contribute to theory development. 
A)  describe experiences as they are lived. 
B)  examine events of the past. 
C)  observe and document interactions within a culture. 
D)  study phenomena that contribute to theory development.

Question 14

The purpose of grounded theory research is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  describe experiences as they are lived. 
B)  examine events of the past. 
C)  observe and document interactions within a culture. 
D)  study phenomena that contribute to theory development. 
A)  describe experiences as they are lived. 
B)  examine events of the past. 
C)  observe and document interactions within a culture. 
D)  study phenomena that contribute to theory development.

Question 15

Verifying handwriting or determining the age of paper a document was written on is part of establishing:

Accepted Answer

A)  accurate data collection. 
B)  external criticism. 
C)  internal criticism. 
D)  cultural influences of the time period. 
A)  accurate data collection. 
B)  external criticism. 
C)  internal criticism. 
D)  cultural influences of the time period.

Question 16

Qualitative research is based on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  A philosophy that all phenomena have antecedent causes 
B)  Logical positivist paradigm 
C)  Objective reality 
D)  The belief that multiple "truths" and "realities" exist 
A)  A philosophy that all phenomena have antecedent causes 
B)  Logical positivist paradigm 
C)  Objective reality 
D)  The belief that multiple "truths" and "realities" exist

Question 17

Which of the following is true about grounded theory research?

Accepted Answer

A)  A portion of the technique came from the discipline of philosophy. 
B)  It is most like ethnographic research. 
C)  There is an attempt to discover the true meaning of symbols and objects. 
D)  This type of research has its roots in the data from which it was derived. 
A)  A portion of the technique came from the discipline of philosophy. 
B)  It is most like ethnographic research. 
C)  There is an attempt to discover the true meaning of symbols and objects. 
D)  This type of research has its roots in the data from which it was derived.

Question 18

Which of the following would literally result in a written portrait of the study population?

Accepted Answer

A)  Descriptive research 
B)  Ethnographic research 
C)  Phenomenological approach 
D)  Structured interviews 
A)  Descriptive research 
B)  Ethnographic research 
C)  Phenomenological approach 
D)  Structured interviews

Question 19

Which of the following is true about qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

A)  A priori categories are established for analysis purposes. 
B)  Data are usually collected in a laboratory setting. 
C)  Focus is on studying the "whole." 
D)  Intuition and abstraction are suppressed. 
A)  A priori categories are established for analysis purposes. 
B)  Data are usually collected in a laboratory setting. 
C)  Focus is on studying the "whole." 
D)  Intuition and abstraction are suppressed.

Question 20

Data for qualitative studies are:

Accepted Answer

A)  based on words rather than numbers. 
B)  easy and straightforward to interpret. 
C)  gathered quickly from large numbers of people. 
D)  precisely analyzed on a computer. 
A)  based on words rather than numbers. 
B)  easy and straightforward to interpret. 
C)  gathered quickly from large numbers of people. 
D)  precisely analyzed on a computer.

How does a qualitative historical researcher determine validity and reliability? The researcher:

External criticism of documents used in historical research asks which of the following questions?

The following research steps could be found in which type of qualitative research? Formulating an idea Developing research questions Developing an inventory of sources Clarifying validity and reliability of sources

According to a study of nurses and medication errors using the ethnographic approach, what are nurses doing when "error" is redefined?

The purpose of ethnographic research is to:

The components of rigor in qualitative research are:

Which of the following is the strongest argument in favor of historical research in nursing?

Why would the Hermeneutic approach be of interest to nursing researchers? The Hermeneutic approach:

Which of the following is a characteristic of phenomenological research methodology?

A study investigating how nurses in the health care system looked on medication errors was conducted using the ethnographic approach. Why was this approach particularly appropriate for this study?

The main reason for not including qualitative studies in reviews for evidence-based practice is:

Which approach to generating knowledge is most represented by qualitative research?

The purpose of phenomenological research is to:

The purpose of grounded theory research is to:

Verifying handwriting or determining the age of paper a document was written on is part of establishing:

Qualitative research is based on which of the following?

Which of the following is true about grounded theory research?

Which of the following would literally result in a written portrait of the study population?

Which of the following is true about qualitative research?

Data for qualitative studies are:

Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Introduction to the Quantitative Research Process

Examining Ethics in Nursing Research

Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses

Understanding the Literature Review in Published Studies

Understanding Theory and Research Frameworks

Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs

Examining Populations and Samples in Research

Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research

Understanding Statistics in Research

Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice

Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Introduction to Outcomes Research

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Exam 3: Introduction to the Qualitative Research Process

How does a qualitative historical researcher determine validity and reliability? The researcher:

External criticism of documents used in historical research asks which of the following questions?

The following research steps could be found in which type of qualitative research? Formulating an idea Developing research questions Developing an inventory of sources Clarifying validity and reliability of sources

According to a study of nurses and medication errors using the ethnographic approach, what are nurses doing when "error" is redefined?

The purpose of ethnographic research is to:

The components of rigor in qualitative research are:

Which of the following is the strongest argument in favor of historical research in nursing?

Why would the Hermeneutic approach be of interest to nursing researchers? The Hermeneutic approach:

Which of the following is a characteristic of phenomenological research methodology?

A study investigating how nurses in the health care system looked on medication errors was conducted using the ethnographic approach. Why was this approach particularly appropriate for this study?

The main reason for not including qualitative studies in reviews for evidence-based practice is:

Which approach to generating knowledge is most represented by qualitative research?

The purpose of phenomenological research is to:

The purpose of grounded theory research is to:

Verifying handwriting or determining the age of paper a document was written on is part of establishing:

Qualitative research is based on which of the following?

Which of the following is true about grounded theory research?

Which of the following would literally result in a written portrait of the study population?

Which of the following is true about qualitative research?

Data for qualitative studies are:

Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Introduction to the Quantitative Research Process

Examining Ethics in Nursing Research

Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses

Understanding the Literature Review in Published Studies

Understanding Theory and Research Frameworks

Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs

Examining Populations and Samples in Research

Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research

Understanding Statistics in Research

Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice

Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Introduction to Outcomes Research

Filters