Question 1

The fez became a symbol of reform as a part of Turkish military dress because

Accepted Answer

A)  they wanted a compromise between a hat and a turban. 
B)  the fez was brimless and could be used during Islamic prayer services. 
C)  the European style of leather-billed hats was thought to be ugly. 
D)  it was better suited to new artillery weapons. 
E)  it was distinctly different from the uniform of the Janissaries. 
A)  they wanted a compromise between a hat and a turban. 
B)  the fez was brimless and could be used during Islamic prayer services. 
C)  the European style of leather-billed hats was thought to be ugly. 
D)  it was better suited to new artillery weapons. 
E)  it was distinctly different from the uniform of the Janissaries. B

Question 2

Identify the following term(s).
-Eastern Question

Accepted Answer

The Eastern Question refers to the strategic competition and political concerns surrounding the decline of the Ottoman Empire during the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries. This term encapsulates the diplomatic and geopolitical issues faced by European powers as they sought to take advantage of the weakening of the Ottoman Empire, which controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa.

The "question" arose from the uncertainty over who would benefit from the Empire's decline and how the territories under Ottoman control would be distributed among the competing powers. The Eastern Question was not a single problem but a series of crises that occurred as the Ottoman Empire gradually lost its territories and influence.

Several key events and issues were associated with the Eastern Question:

1. Territorial Integrity: European powers, including Russia, Austria-Hungary, Britain, and France, had conflicting interests in maintaining or altering the territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire. Some preferred a weak but intact Ottoman state as a buffer, while others sought to expand their own empires at the Ottomans' expense.

2. The "Great Game": This was the strategic rivalry and conflict between the British Empire and the Russian Empire for supremacy in Central Asia, which was part of the broader Eastern Question.

3. The Balkan Wars: As various ethnic groups in the Balkans sought independence from the Ottoman Empire, the resulting conflicts and the eventual redrawing of borders in the region were part of the Eastern Question.

4. The Crimean War (1853-1856): This conflict, in which Britain, France, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia opposed Russia, was a significant episode in the Eastern Question, as it was directly related to the powers' desire to curb Russian expansion and influence.

5. The Rise of Nationalism: The growth of nationalist movements within the Ottoman Empire's diverse population led to uprisings and demands for autonomy or independence, complicating the Eastern Question.

The Eastern Question remained a central issue in European diplomacy until the end of World War I, when the Ottoman Empire was finally dismantled, and new nations were created from its former territories. The Treaty of Sèvres in 1920 and the subsequent Treaty of Lausanne in 1923 formalized the partition and the establishment of the modern states in the region, effectively bringing the Eastern Question to a close.

Question 3

What were the long-term significant outcomes of the Crimean War?

Accepted Answer

The initial outcome of the Crimean War was to demonstrate that Russia was significantly underdeveloped in military and industrial terms compared to western Europe, a factor that was to influence the political and economic development of Russia for the remainder of the nineteenth century. The peace treaty gave Britain and France a means to check Russia's expansion at the cost of the Ottoman Empire, particularly of interest since Britain was very concerned about maintaining overland access to Central Asia and worried that Russian dismantlement of the Ottoman territory might also disrupt British naval access to the East, on which their industry was so dependent. In more global terms, it was the first war in which all participants took advantage of the new military technology and techniques. It was also the first big use of mass media for propaganda, particularly newspaper reports, and some could argue that the representation of Russia brought further pressure on Tsar Alexander to initiate some public reforms, such as ending serfdom.

Question 4

Muhammad Ali accomplished many aspects of modernization. Which of the following were his projects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Establishing schools for military training. 
B)  Emphasis of European skills and sciences. 
C)  Achieving rule of Egypt for himself and his descendents until the 1950's. 
D)  Building factories and railroads that achieved long-lasting success. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Establishing schools for military training. 
B)  Emphasis of European skills and sciences. 
C)  Achieving rule of Egypt for himself and his descendents until the 1950's. 
D)  Building factories and railroads that achieved long-lasting success. 
E)  All of the above

Question 5

The root cause of the Crimean War was the Ottoman Empire's goal, supported by the British and the French, to thwart

Accepted Answer

A)  Russia's desire to expand south through the Black Sea for naval access to the Mediterranean Sea. 
B)  Russia's desire to spread Orthodox Christianity throughout the Ottoman Empire. 
C)  Ottoman domination of Serbia. 
D)  Russia's desire to control Constantinople (Istanbul). 
E)  Russia's siding with Greece during the 1829 independence movement. 
A)  Russia's desire to expand south through the Black Sea for naval access to the Mediterranean Sea. 
B)  Russia's desire to spread Orthodox Christianity throughout the Ottoman Empire. 
C)  Ottoman domination of Serbia. 
D)  Russia's desire to control Constantinople (Istanbul). 
E)  Russia's siding with Greece during the 1829 independence movement.

Question 6

The main force opposing westernization in Russia was

Accepted Answer

A)  Slavophiles 
B)  Decembrists 
C)  student clubs 
D)  Orthodox church advocates 
E)  the nobility 
A)  Slavophiles 
B)  Decembrists 
C)  student clubs 
D)  Orthodox church advocates 
E)  the nobility

Question 7

Under Tanzimat, the shari'a retained legal control over which area?

Accepted Answer

A)  military law. 
B)  alcohol and tobacco prohibitions. 
C)  family law. 
D)  religious interpretations. 
E)  canon law 
A)  military law. 
B)  alcohol and tobacco prohibitions. 
C)  family law. 
D)  religious interpretations. 
E)  canon law

Question 8

Refer to Map (in the textbook) 24.1 and discuss the decline of the Ottoman Empire. Was it the "sick man of Europe" as Tsar Nicholas proclaimed? Describe how different parts of the empire gained independence. Discuss the rivalry with Russia in the nineteenth century. What were Russia's goals? How did geography figure into Russia's ambitions in the Balkans?

Accepted Answer

The decline of the Ottoman Empire was a

Question 9

Russian imperial expansion in the 18th century was east toward the Pacific, while in the 19th century it was focused on which direction?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Pacific ocean 
B)  the Baltic coast 
C)  the southern borders 
D)  Poland and Romania 
E)  Prussia. 
A)  the Pacific ocean 
B)  the Baltic coast 
C)  the southern borders 
D)  Poland and Romania 
E)  Prussia.

Question 10

Identify the following term(s).
-Muhammad Ali

Accepted Answer

Muhammad Ali refers to multiple individu

Question 11

Identify the following term(s).
-fez

Accepted Answer

A fez is a type of hat, typically made o

Question 12

Describe the role Muhammad Ali had on Egyptian history in the post-Napoleonic era.

Accepted Answer

In Egypt, Napoleon's generals tried to a

Question 13

Identify the following term(s).
-Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Accepted Answer

Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703–1792) w

Question 14

Identify the following term(s).
-Opium War

Accepted Answer

The Opium War, also known as the First O

Question 15

Which of the following were factors hindering reforms in Russia?

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of urbanization 
B)  predominance of agriculture. 
C)  poor transportation opportunities. 
D)  diversity of languages proscribing unification. 
E)  all of the above 
A)  lack of urbanization 
B)  predominance of agriculture. 
C)  poor transportation opportunities. 
D)  diversity of languages proscribing unification. 
E)  all of the above

Question 16

Identify the following term(s).
-Pan-Slavism

Accepted Answer

Pan-Slavism is a political and cultural

Question 17

The Taiping Rebellion

Accepted Answer

A)  was known as the "bloodless" civil war. 
B)  succeeded in its goal to Christianize China. 
C)  was a gambit designed to lure French and British forces to their destruction. 
D)  was the world's bloodiest civil war. 
E)  never actually took place. 
A)  was known as the "bloodless" civil war. 
B)  succeeded in its goal to Christianize China. 
C)  was a gambit designed to lure French and British forces to their destruction. 
D)  was the world's bloodiest civil war. 
E)  never actually took place.

Question 18

Which of the following were results of the Treaty of Nanking?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hong Kong became a British colony. 
B)  British residents were granted extraterritoriality. 
C)  The British opened five Chinese "treaty ports." 
D)  The Qing paid 21 million ounces of silver to England. 
E)  all of the above 
A)  Hong Kong became a British colony. 
B)  British residents were granted extraterritoriality. 
C)  The British opened five Chinese "treaty ports." 
D)  The Qing paid 21 million ounces of silver to England. 
E)  all of the above

Question 19

What was the "Eastern Question" and how did it bring about European and Russian intervention in Ottoman affairs?

Accepted Answer

The "Eastern Question" was the unspoken

Question 20

Identify the following term(s).
-Treaty of Nanking

Accepted Answer

The Treaty of Nanking was signed on Augu

Exam 24: Land Empires in the Age of Imperialism

The fez became a symbol of reform as a part of Turkish military dress because

Identify the following term(s). -Eastern Question

What were the long-term significant outcomes of the Crimean War?

Muhammad Ali accomplished many aspects of modernization. Which of the following were his projects?

The root cause of the Crimean War was the Ottoman Empire's goal, supported by the British and the French, to thwart

The main force opposing westernization in Russia was

Under Tanzimat, the shari'a retained legal control over which area?

Russian imperial expansion in the 18th century was east toward the Pacific, while in the 19th century it was focused on which direction?

Identify the following term(s). -Muhammad Ali

Identify the following term(s). -fez

Describe the role Muhammad Ali had on Egyptian history in the post-Napoleonic era.

Identify the following term(s). -Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Identify the following term(s). -Opium War

Which of the following were factors hindering reforms in Russia?

Identify the following term(s). -Pan-Slavism

The Taiping Rebellion

Which of the following were results of the Treaty of Nanking?

What was the "Eastern Question" and how did it bring about European and Russian intervention in Ottoman affairs?

Identify the following term(s). -Treaty of Nanking

Nature, Humanity, and History

The First River-Valley Civilizations

The Mediterranean and Middle East

New Civilizations Outside the West Asian Core Area

Greece and Iran

An Age of Empires: Rome and Han China

India and Southeast Asia

Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas

Networks of Communication and Exchange

The Sasanid Empire and the Rise of Islam

Christian Societies Emerge in Europe

Inner and East Asia

Mongol Eurasia and Its Aftermath

Latin Europe

Southern Empires, Southern Seas

The Maritime Revolution

Transformations in Europe

The Diversity of American Colonial Societies

The Atlantic System and Africa

Between Europe and China

East Asia in Global Perspective

The Early Industrial Revolution

Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World

Nation Building and Economic Transformation in the Americas

Varieties of Imperialism in Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and Latin America

The New Power Balance

The Crisis of the Imperial Order

Revolutions in Living

The Collapse of the Old Order

The Cold War and Decolonization

The End of the Cold War and the Challenge of Economic Development and Immigration

New Challenges in a New Millenium

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