Question 1

Explain the economic and military crisis that led to the decline of the Ottoman Empire.

Accepted Answer

The essence of the crisis was that the growing world economy and new military technologies made payment of part-time soldiers by land grants economically unfeasible and obsolete. Cannon and lighter-weight firearms altered military strategies. The Janissary corps increased in size, raising the cost of government. The role of the elite cavalry diminished correspondingly. The government reduced the number of land grants to the cavalry, who became displaced and disgruntled. The remaining landholders saw their fixed incomes from taxes decrease in the face of rising inflation, which resulted from New World silver flooding east from Europe. Consequently, land returned to the state. Others on fixed incomes, such as scholars and holy men, also suffered financially. The result was widespread rebellion. Deterioration in the quality of the growing Janissary corps--which often hired substitutes--and the continued evolution of military technology meant an increasing reliance on supplemental and part-time troops.

Question 2

Using Map (in the textbook) 20.2, identify the East Indies and specifically Batavia, Java, and the Strait of Malacca. How did the Dutch manage to colonize this region, and why did they covet it?

Accepted Answer

The East Indies refers to the islands of Southeast Asia, including modern-day Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Batavia, now known as Jakarta, is the capital city of Indonesia and was a key trading port for the Dutch East India Company. Java is the main island of Indonesia, and the Strait of Malacca is a narrow waterway between the Malay Peninsula and the island of Sumatra.

The Dutch managed to colonize this region through a combination of military force, strategic alliances with local rulers, and the establishment of trading posts and forts. They also utilized their naval power to control key trade routes and monopolize the spice trade, particularly in the Moluccas, which were known as the "Spice Islands."

The Dutch coveted the East Indies for its valuable natural resources, particularly spices such as nutmeg, cloves, and pepper. These commodities were in high demand in Europe and could be sold at exorbitant prices, providing the Dutch with immense wealth and power. Additionally, the East Indies provided a strategic foothold in the lucrative Asian trade network, allowing the Dutch to expand their influence and dominance in the region.

Question 3

One of the key teachings of the Shi'ite doctrine "Hidden Imam" is that

Accepted Answer

A)  he is to lead the ulama to be under the control of the sultan. 
B)  he is expected to return as a messiah at the end of time. 
C)  he is to be found among the wandering ascetics. 
D)  he is to be completely disinterested in political affairs. 
E)  he is to inspire wars between the religious sects. 
A)  he is to lead the ulama to be under the control of the sultan. 
B)  he is expected to return as a messiah at the end of time. 
C)  he is to be found among the wandering ascetics. 
D)  he is to be completely disinterested in political affairs. 
E)  he is to inspire wars between the religious sects. B

Question 4

Describe in detail the major similarities between the Safavid and Mughal Empires, particularly the cultural effects of Islam.

Accepted Answer

The mandated conversion to Shi'ite Islam

Question 5

What were the significant accomplishments of Akbar the Great in the Mughal Empire?

Accepted Answer

Akbar the Great, the third ruler of the

Question 6

The martyrdom of Imam Husayn was remembered in the Shi'ite community with

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional processions of Shi'ites through the streets. 
B)  the Easter mass. 
C)  a truce among all religious sects. 
D)  the pilgrimage to Mecca. 
E)  fasting. 
A)  emotional processions of Shi'ites through the streets. 
B)  the Easter mass. 
C)  a truce among all religious sects. 
D)  the pilgrimage to Mecca. 
E)  fasting.

Question 7

Which of the following is a reason for the decline of the Mughals under Aurangzeb?

Accepted Answer

A)  The land-grant system 
B)  Resistance in the southern provinces 
C)  Alienation of the Sikhs 
D)  Symbolic loss of the peacock throne from Delhi 
E)  all of the above 
A)  The land-grant system 
B)  Resistance in the southern provinces 
C)  Alienation of the Sikhs 
D)  Symbolic loss of the peacock throne from Delhi 
E)  all of the above

Question 8

Identify the following term(s).
-tsar

Accepted Answer

The term "tsar" (also spelled "czar" in

Question 9

A significant fact about the capital cities of both the Ottomans and Safavids was that

Accepted Answer

A)  in neither city were wheeled vehicles prevelant. 
B)  neither allowed Europeans within city walls. 
C)  neither allowed women in public. 
D)  both focused on mosques built for the emperor or shah. 
E)  both had significant naval bases to guard their harbors. 
A)  in neither city were wheeled vehicles prevelant. 
B)  neither allowed Europeans within city walls. 
C)  neither allowed women in public. 
D)  both focused on mosques built for the emperor or shah. 
E)  both had significant naval bases to guard their harbors.

Question 10

The askeri class in the Ottoman Empire were exempt from taxes and were from the

Accepted Answer

A)  noble class. 
B)  military class. 
C)  lower class. 
D)  religious class. 
E)  scholar class. 
A)  noble class. 
B)  military class. 
C)  lower class. 
D)  religious class. 
E)  scholar class.

Question 11

After the Mongol's conquered the region in 1258, Iranian scholars and writers

Accepted Answer

A)  read and wrote only in Persian. 
B)  read and wrote only in Arabic. 
C)  were relentlessly persecuted under the Safavids. 
D)  read Arabic as well as Persian, but favored Persian. 
E)  opposed the government's forging of diplomatic ties with Mughal India. 
A)  read and wrote only in Persian. 
B)  read and wrote only in Arabic. 
C)  were relentlessly persecuted under the Safavids. 
D)  read Arabic as well as Persian, but favored Persian. 
E)  opposed the government's forging of diplomatic ties with Mughal India.

Question 12

Extensive migration in the East African lake region and Kenyan highlands was due to

Accepted Answer

A)  attacks by Portuguese and English explorers. 
B)  long-lasting drought conditions. 
C)  the influx of Islam. 
D)  the beginning of the slave trade in those areas. 
E)  internecine wars. 
A)  attacks by Portuguese and English explorers. 
B)  long-lasting drought conditions. 
C)  the influx of Islam. 
D)  the beginning of the slave trade in those areas. 
E)  internecine wars.

Question 13

How did the extension of the Muslim trade empires compare to those of Christian empires of the West?

Accepted Answer

The extension of Muslim trade empires di

Question 14

In Iran, the mandated conversion to Shi'ism

Accepted Answer

A)  was accepted as the word of god by the Sunnis. 
B)  was accomplished peacefully in building a multinational empire. 
C)  created a deep chasm between Iran and its Sunni neighbors. 
D)  was only for the select members of the qizilbash in Iran. 
E)  was done for purposes of unifying with the Abbasid Caliphate. 
A)  was accepted as the word of god by the Sunnis. 
B)  was accomplished peacefully in building a multinational empire. 
C)  created a deep chasm between Iran and its Sunni neighbors. 
D)  was only for the select members of the qizilbash in Iran. 
E)  was done for purposes of unifying with the Abbasid Caliphate.

Question 15

A new fourteenth-century Ottoman military elite was Christian prisoners of war, called

Accepted Answer

A)  Janissaries. 
B)  Knights of the Cross. 
C)  Mamluks. 
D)  Caspian slaves. 
E)  Lollards. 
A)  Janissaries. 
B)  Knights of the Cross. 
C)  Mamluks. 
D)  Caspian slaves. 
E)  Lollards.

Question 16

Out of the struggle for power in Iran emerged a chief of Kurdish, Iranian, and Greek ancestry named

Accepted Answer

A)  Mehmet. 
B)  Akbar. 
C)  Babur. 
D)  Isaac. 
E)  Ismail. 
A)  Mehmet. 
B)  Akbar. 
C)  Babur. 
D)  Isaac. 
E)  Ismail.

Question 17

The sultan, also know as "The Lawgiver," who presided over a "golden age" and the greatest Ottoman assault on Christian Europe was

Accepted Answer

A)  Sultan Mehmet II. 
B)  Mansa Musa. 
C)  Suleiman the Magnificent. 
D)  Babur. 
E)  Akbar. 
A)  Sultan Mehmet II. 
B)  Mansa Musa. 
C)  Suleiman the Magnificent. 
D)  Babur. 
E)  Akbar.

Question 18

What European country conquered the East African port cities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spain 
B)  The Netherlands 
C)  England 
D)  Portugal 
E)  France 
A)  Spain 
B)  The Netherlands 
C)  England 
D)  Portugal 
E)  France

Question 19

In 1453, the Ottoman armies attacked Constantinople and brought an end to

Accepted Answer

A)  Roman rule. 
B)  Byzantine rule. 
C)  Arab rule. 
D)  Egyptian rule. 
E)  Mongol rule. 
A)  Roman rule. 
B)  Byzantine rule. 
C)  Arab rule. 
D)  Egyptian rule. 
E)  Mongol rule.

Question 20

Identify the following term(s).
-Swahili

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the following term(s).
-Swahili...

Exam 20: Between Europe and China

Explain the economic and military crisis that led to the decline of the Ottoman Empire.

Using Map (in the textbook) 20.2, identify the East Indies and specifically Batavia, Java, and the Strait of Malacca. How did the Dutch manage to colonize this region, and why did they covet it?

One of the key teachings of the Shi'ite doctrine "Hidden Imam" is that

Describe in detail the major similarities between the Safavid and Mughal Empires, particularly the cultural effects of Islam.

What were the significant accomplishments of Akbar the Great in the Mughal Empire?

The martyrdom of Imam Husayn was remembered in the Shi'ite community with

Which of the following is a reason for the decline of the Mughals under Aurangzeb?

Identify the following term(s). -tsar

A significant fact about the capital cities of both the Ottomans and Safavids was that

The askeri class in the Ottoman Empire were exempt from taxes and were from the

After the Mongol's conquered the region in 1258, Iranian scholars and writers

Extensive migration in the East African lake region and Kenyan highlands was due to

How did the extension of the Muslim trade empires compare to those of Christian empires of the West?

In Iran, the mandated conversion to Shi'ism

A new fourteenth-century Ottoman military elite was Christian prisoners of war, called

Out of the struggle for power in Iran emerged a chief of Kurdish, Iranian, and Greek ancestry named

The sultan, also know as "The Lawgiver," who presided over a "golden age" and the greatest Ottoman assault on Christian Europe was

What European country conquered the East African port cities?

In 1453, the Ottoman armies attacked Constantinople and brought an end to

Identify the following term(s). -Swahili

Nature, Humanity, and History

The First River-Valley Civilizations

The Mediterranean and Middle East

New Civilizations Outside the West Asian Core Area

Greece and Iran

An Age of Empires: Rome and Han China

India and Southeast Asia

Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas

Networks of Communication and Exchange

The Sasanid Empire and the Rise of Islam

Christian Societies Emerge in Europe

Inner and East Asia

Mongol Eurasia and Its Aftermath

Latin Europe

Southern Empires, Southern Seas

The Maritime Revolution

Transformations in Europe

The Diversity of American Colonial Societies

The Atlantic System and Africa

East Asia in Global Perspective

The Early Industrial Revolution

Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World

Land Empires in the Age of Imperialism

Nation Building and Economic Transformation in the Americas

Varieties of Imperialism in Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and Latin America

The New Power Balance

The Crisis of the Imperial Order

Revolutions in Living

The Collapse of the Old Order

The Cold War and Decolonization

The End of the Cold War and the Challenge of Economic Development and Immigration

New Challenges in a New Millenium

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