Exam 2: The Chemistry of Living Things

Radioisotopes have a number of uses in science and medicine. These uses include which one of the following?

Isotopes that give off energy and emit particles are known as ________.

The structure of a cell membrane includes a modified form of lipid called a(n) ________.

Lipids are important to biological systems because

Electrons are smaller than protons, are negatively charged, and orbit the nucleus.

Describe how denaturing a protein alters the function of that protein.

Use the letters from the figure below to answer the following questions. -The subatomic particles ________ and ________ have approximately the same mass.

When a protein is heated, it may unfold, losing its secondary, tertiary, and even quaternary structure. This process is known as ________.

Plants produce a polysaccharide made of glucose known as ________, which is virtually indigestible by most animals.

A research student is analyzing the nucleic acid of a virus. He finds that the nucleic acid contains thymine. From this it can be concluded that the nucleic acid

Which one of the following is a very important source of energy for nearly all cells?

Evaporation of water from the skin results in a(n) ________ in body temperature.

Explain how water in the human body helps to regulate body temperature following a long-distance bike ride.

Lipid molecules composed of four joined carbon rings are known as ________.

A student has isolated a large compound (macromolecule) from cells. Chemical analysis of the compound shows that it is made up of the following elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. To which group of macromolecules does this compound most likely belong?

In the atom, electrons are located in clouds, with negative charges around the nucleus; these are called ________.

Pancreatic cells make insulin, which is a type of protein. These cells use ________ in order to synthesize insulin by the process of ________.

Molecules such as water are referred to as ________ because they are electrically neutral overall but still have partially charged regions.

The molecule with which an enzyme reacts is a(n) ________.

The pure form of matter that cannot be broken down into a simpler form is a(n) ________.