Exam 15: The Urinary System

Renin stimulates the secretion of aldosterone.

Which of the following groupings of organs is responsible for the maintenance of water balance in the body?

The major nitrogenous waste product in urine is the ammonium ion.

During times of stress, the autonomic nervous system causes the afferent and efferent arterioles to constrict, resulting in an increase in the amount of urine produced.

Using the letter choices on the figure above, identify the organs of the urinary system. -muscular tube that passes urine out of the body

Impairments of the kidney that are considered short term and possibly can be overcome by medication or other treatments are called chronic renal failure.

Chloride ions passively follow sodium that has been actively transported out of tubular cells, due to the attraction of negatively charged ions to positively charged ions.

The process of reabsorbing water is regulated by ________.

Urine formation initiates with glomerular filtration, a process that relies on filtering large quantities of protein-free plasma into the Bowman's capsule by

The steroid hormone ________ regulates the reabsorption of sodium across the collecting duct and distal tubule.

Using the letters on the figure above, identify the sections of the nephron. -relies on countercurrent exchange to move ions and water

Urination depends on

Osmotic concentration in the descending limb of the loop of Henle increases as water moves out.

Countercurrent exchange is used primarily in the ________ portion of the nephron.

Considering the following events reflecting how vitamin D is synthesized and activated, which one of the following answers best represents the order in which these events occur? A. Inactive vitamin D is transported to the liver where it is modified. B. Inactive vitamin D is transported to the kidneys. C. UV light strikes the skin and converts a steroid molecule into an inactive form of vitamin D. D. Vitamin D is activated under the influence of PTH.

The hairpin design of the loop of Henle allows events on one side of the loop to influence the events on the other side, by a process referred to as

The initial filtrate entering the proximal tubule is isotonic in relation to the surrounding cells; however, the final urine leaving the collecting ducts is highly concentrated in terms of solutes.

Using the letters on the figure above, identify the sections of the nephron. -filtrate in lumen contains solutes smaller than proteins

Each kidney is made up of a million ________, the functional units of a kidney.