Question 1

Match between columns
                        Premises: calcium
potassium
sodium and chlorine
hydrogen

Accepted Answer

The Answer of maintains acid-base volume and determines the volume is...

Question 2

Blood containing metabolic waste is transported to the kidneys by the renal vein; the renal artery removes blood from the kidneys once the waste has been removed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Match between columns
                        Premises: region where 65-70% of the water in the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood
region where blood plasma fluid is filtered from the blood into the nephron
ADH increases the permeability of the cells of this region to water
region composed of a descending limb that is permeable to water and an ascending limb that is impermeable to water
region where fluids are transported to the collecting duct; active reabsorption of salt occurs

Accepted Answer

The Answer of distal tubule and loop of Henle and is...

Question 4

ADH ________ the permeability of the cells of the collecting duct to water.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ADH ________ the permeability of the cells...

Question 5

If the Bowman's capsule could be surgically removed so that the end (closed) of the proximal tubule was in contact with the glomerulus, what would be the impact on glomerular filtration?

Accepted Answer

The short answer: a dramatic impact. The

Question 6

The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Three organs in the human body are involved in the production of vitamin D; they are the ________, ________, and ________.

Accepted Answer

skin, liver, kidneys

Question 8

-Using the figure above, identify in which one of the following locations a nephron would be found.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  B and C 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  B and C

Question 9

The glomerulus of each nephron is enclosed by a portion of the nephron known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The glomerulus of each nephron is enclosed...

Question 10

Energy drinks contain several components, including caffeine, that are advertised to boost your energy levels. If you drink several of these caffeine-containing energy drinks in a short period of time, you feel the sensation to urinate. Why?

Accepted Answer

Caffeine can function as a mild diuretic

Question 11

An individual has been diagnosed with persistent proteinuria. This condition is due to damage in which one of the following regions of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle 
B)  proximal tubule 
C)  glomerular capsule 
D)  distal tubule 
E)  collecting duct 
A)  loop of Henle 
B)  proximal tubule 
C)  glomerular capsule 
D)  distal tubule 
E)  collecting duct

Question 12

Using the letters on the figure above, identify the sections of the nephron.
-functions in ion reabsorption into blood

Accepted Answer

The answer of   
Using the letters on the...

Question 13

Minerals that crystallize in the renal pelvis are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  kidney stones 
B)  pelvic crystals 
C)  otoliths 
D)  osteocytes 
E)  renal deposits 
A)  kidney stones 
B)  pelvic crystals 
C)  otoliths 
D)  osteocytes 
E)  renal deposits

Question 14

As urine moves through a nephron, it is modified by ions, water, and other materials either being secreted into the fluid or by efflux of substances out of the urine. However, such modifications do not occur in which one of the following regions of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle 
B)  collecting duct 
C)  Bowman's capsule 
D)  proximal tubule 
E)  distal tubule 
A)  loop of Henle 
B)  collecting duct 
C)  Bowman's capsule 
D)  proximal tubule 
E)  distal tubule

Question 15

Tubular reabsorption occurs when most of the fluid and solutes move back into the ________.

Accepted Answer

peritubula

Question 16

Alcohol has diuretic effects, increasing urine output. By which one of the following is this mediated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alcohol increases the amount of sodium reabsorbed. 
B)  Alcohol decreases the amount of sodium reabsorbed. 
C)  Alcohol makes the renal tubules more permeable to water. 
D)  Alcohol inhibits the release of ADH. 
E)  Drinks with alcohol also contain a lot of water, and the kidneys excrete this. 
A)  Alcohol increases the amount of sodium reabsorbed. 
B)  Alcohol decreases the amount of sodium reabsorbed. 
C)  Alcohol makes the renal tubules more permeable to water. 
D)  Alcohol inhibits the release of ADH. 
E)  Drinks with alcohol also contain a lot of water, and the kidneys excrete this.

Question 17

The function of the kidneys to concentrate urine is under the control of a negative feedback loop.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The loop of Henle relies on a countercurrent exchange mechanism to promote movement of water and solutes. Explain the significance of this mechanism to the composition of urine.

Accepted Answer

The hairpin loop arrangement of this sec

Question 19

The kidneys function to maintain homeostasis in all of the following ways EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  regulating blood volume 
B)  controlling salt balance in body fluids 
C)  exchanging blood gases 
D)  regulating blood pressure 
E)  regulating vitamin D 
A)  regulating blood volume 
B)  controlling salt balance in body fluids 
C)  exchanging blood gases 
D)  regulating blood pressure 
E)  regulating vitamin D

Question 20

Sodium is moved out of tubular cells by ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sodium is moved out of tubular cells...

Exam 15: The Urinary System

Blood containing metabolic waste is transported to the kidneys by the renal vein; the renal artery removes blood from the kidneys once the waste has been removed.

ADH ________ the permeability of the cells of the collecting duct to water.

If the Bowman's capsule could be surgically removed so that the end (closed) of the proximal tubule was in contact with the glomerulus, what would be the impact on glomerular filtration?

The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

Three organs in the human body are involved in the production of vitamin D; they are the ________, ________, and ________.

-Using the figure above, identify in which one of the following locations a nephron would be found.

The glomerulus of each nephron is enclosed by a portion of the nephron known as ________.

Energy drinks contain several components, including caffeine, that are advertised to boost your energy levels. If you drink several of these caffeine-containing energy drinks in a short period of time, you feel the sensation to urinate. Why?

An individual has been diagnosed with persistent proteinuria. This condition is due to damage in which one of the following regions of the nephron?

Using the letters on the figure above, identify the sections of the nephron. -functions in ion reabsorption into blood

Minerals that crystallize in the renal pelvis are referred to as

As urine moves through a nephron, it is modified by ions, water, and other materials either being secreted into the fluid or by efflux of substances out of the urine. However, such modifications do not occur in which one of the following regions of the nephron?

Tubular reabsorption occurs when most of the fluid and solutes move back into the ________.

Alcohol has diuretic effects, increasing urine output. By which one of the following is this mediated?

The function of the kidneys to concentrate urine is under the control of a negative feedback loop.

The loop of Henle relies on a countercurrent exchange mechanism to promote movement of water and solutes. Explain the significance of this mechanism to the composition of urine.

The kidneys function to maintain homeostasis in all of the following ways EXCEPT which one?

Sodium is moved out of tubular cells by ________.

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