Question 1

Prions are infectious proteins that cause normal proteins in the brain to misfold.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Following transplant surgery, a patient is given ________ drugs that block the action of the immune response against the transplanted organ.

Accepted Answer

immunosuppressive

Question 3

Match between columns
                        Premises: an autoimmune disorder affecting the synovial membrane of the joints
a disease caused by HIV infection; results in irreparable damage to the immune system
an inappropriate response to a nonpathogenic substance
an autoimmune disorder affecting connective tissue
an inherited disorder characterized by insufficient numbers of lymphocytes to fight an infection

Accepted Answer

The Answer of lupus erythematosus and allergy and severe combined is...

Question 4

The best way to defend the body from a viral infection is to prevent the infection by using a vaccine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Any substance that produces an inappropriate response of the immune system is referred to as a(an)

Accepted Answer

A)  allergen 
B)  antibody 
C)  plasma cell 
D)  allergy 
E)  perforin 
A)  allergen 
B)  antibody 
C)  plasma cell 
D)  allergy 
E)  perforin

Question 6

Which of the following classes of antibodies activates the inflammatory response by causing the release of histamine?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG 
B)  IgE 
C)  IgD 
D)  IgM 
E)  IgA 
A)  IgG 
B)  IgE 
C)  IgD 
D)  IgM 
E)  IgA

Question 7

Chemicals released by macrophages that cause the onset of a fever are called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chemicals released by macrophages that cause the...

Question 8

-Referring to the figure above, the progression from Phase II HIV infection to Phase III is marked by

Accepted Answer

A)  a high fever and swollen lymph nodes 
B)  drop in the helper T cell count to less than 200/mm³ 
C)  complete absence of antibodies to HIV 
D)  decreasing number of HIV in the blood 
E)  helper T cell numbers recovering from an initial drop 
A)  a high fever and swollen lymph nodes 
B)  drop in the helper T cell count to less than 200/mm³ 
C)  complete absence of antibodies to HIV 
D)  decreasing number of HIV in the blood 
E)  helper T cell numbers recovering from an initial drop

Question 9

HIV is classified as a retrovirus because

Accepted Answer

A)  it infects only cells with a CD4 receptor 
B)  it makes a DNA copy of its RNA once inside the host cell 
C)  this virus is composed of two cells surrounded by a lipoprotein coat 
D)  it reverts to an inactive form when it infects B lymphocytes 
E)  it causes the production of HIV antibodies 
A)  it infects only cells with a CD4 receptor 
B)  it makes a DNA copy of its RNA once inside the host cell 
C)  this virus is composed of two cells surrounded by a lipoprotein coat 
D)  it reverts to an inactive form when it infects B lymphocytes 
E)  it causes the production of HIV antibodies

Question 10

Which one type of cells are responsible for producing and releasing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  red bone marrow 
B)  B lymphocytes 
C)  T lymphocytes 
D)  macrophages 
E)  natural killer cells 
A)  red bone marrow 
B)  B lymphocytes 
C)  T lymphocytes 
D)  macrophages 
E)  natural killer cells

Question 11

The only T lymphocyte that directly attacks and destroys other cells is the ________ T cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The only T lymphocyte that directly attacks...

Question 12

B lymphocytes mature in the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of B lymphocytes mature in the ________....

Question 13

Vaccines contain

Accepted Answer

A)  memory cells against the pathogen 
B)  antigens of the pathogen 
C)  antibodies of the pathogen 
D)  lymphokines 
E)  T cells programmed to attack the pathogen 
A)  memory cells against the pathogen 
B)  antigens of the pathogen 
C)  antibodies of the pathogen 
D)  lymphokines 
E)  T cells programmed to attack the pathogen

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding HIV and AIDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most of the people infected with HIV live in South America, where the disease originated. 
B)  Approximately 100,000 people worldwide die each year from AIDS. 
C)  Due to improved education and prevention methods in the United States, the number of newly diagnosed cases of AIDS is rapidly declining. 
D)  Symptoms of AIDS do not normally appear until years after HIV detection. 
E)  If an individual with AIDS gets proper medical attention, he or she probably will not die from complications associated with this syndrome. 
A)  Most of the people infected with HIV live in South America, where the disease originated. 
B)  Approximately 100,000 people worldwide die each year from AIDS. 
C)  Due to improved education and prevention methods in the United States, the number of newly diagnosed cases of AIDS is rapidly declining. 
D)  Symptoms of AIDS do not normally appear until years after HIV detection. 
E)  If an individual with AIDS gets proper medical attention, he or she probably will not die from complications associated with this syndrome.

Question 15

All of the following are ways in which a mild fever participates as part of the body's second line of defense and aids the body EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the metabolic rate of body cells 
B)  speeding up defense reactions 
C)  increasing the rate of tissue repair 
D)  creating an inhospitable internal environment for pathogenic bacteria 
E)  enhancing the secretion of antibodies by plasma cells 
A)  increasing the metabolic rate of body cells 
B)  speeding up defense reactions 
C)  increasing the rate of tissue repair 
D)  creating an inhospitable internal environment for pathogenic bacteria 
E)  enhancing the secretion of antibodies by plasma cells

Question 16

A condition that results when the immune system produces antibodies and cytotoxic T cells against its own cells is a(n) ________ disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A condition that results when the immune...

Question 17

Why do some physicians advise patients with a bladder infection to drink a lot of cranberry juice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cranberry juice contains chemicals that kill viruses and bacteria. 
B)  The increased volume of fluid in the bladder causes bacterial cells to burst as they absorb the excess fluid. 
C)  Cranberry juice makes the urine more acidic, decreasing the rate at which microorganisms can grow and reproduce. 
D)  Cranberry juice increases the efficiency of urine production by the kidneys. 
E)  Cranberry juice enhances the action of phagocytic cells. 
A)  Cranberry juice contains chemicals that kill viruses and bacteria. 
B)  The increased volume of fluid in the bladder causes bacterial cells to burst as they absorb the excess fluid. 
C)  Cranberry juice makes the urine more acidic, decreasing the rate at which microorganisms can grow and reproduce. 
D)  Cranberry juice increases the efficiency of urine production by the kidneys. 
E)  Cranberry juice enhances the action of phagocytic cells.

Question 18

Once a prion enters a nerve cell, it essentially

Accepted Answer

A)  assumes the correct folding orientation for the protein 
B)  stops the cascade of misfolding events associated with adjacent cells 
C)  becomes self-propagating, causing misfolding of nearby normal proteins 
D)  differentiates into a nonreplicating virus 
E)  differentiates into a replicating virus 
A)  assumes the correct folding orientation for the protein 
B)  stops the cascade of misfolding events associated with adjacent cells 
C)  becomes self-propagating, causing misfolding of nearby normal proteins 
D)  differentiates into a nonreplicating virus 
E)  differentiates into a replicating virus

Question 19

Tears and saliva contain ________, an enzyme that kills bacteria.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tears and saliva contain ________, an enzyme...

Question 20

The two major types of phagocytic cells are the ________ and the ________.

Accepted Answer

neutrophils, macroph

Exam 9: The Immune System and Mechanisms of Defense

Prions are infectious proteins that cause normal proteins in the brain to misfold.

Following transplant surgery, a patient is given ________ drugs that block the action of the immune response against the transplanted organ.

The best way to defend the body from a viral infection is to prevent the infection by using a vaccine.

Any substance that produces an inappropriate response of the immune system is referred to as a(an)

Which of the following classes of antibodies activates the inflammatory response by causing the release of histamine?

Chemicals released by macrophages that cause the onset of a fever are called ________.

-Referring to the figure above, the progression from Phase II HIV infection to Phase III is marked by

HIV is classified as a retrovirus because

Which one type of cells are responsible for producing and releasing antibodies?

The only T lymphocyte that directly attacks and destroys other cells is the ________ T cell.

B lymphocytes mature in the ________.

Vaccines contain

Which of the following is TRUE regarding HIV and AIDS?

All of the following are ways in which a mild fever participates as part of the body's second line of defense and aids the body EXCEPT

A condition that results when the immune system produces antibodies and cytotoxic T cells against its own cells is a(n) ________ disorder.

Why do some physicians advise patients with a bladder infection to drink a lot of cranberry juice?

Once a prion enters a nerve cell, it essentially

Tears and saliva contain ________, an enzyme that kills bacteria.

The two major types of phagocytic cells are the ________ and the ________.

Human Biology, Science, and Society

The Chemistry of Living Things

Structure and Function of Cells

From Cells to Organ Systems

The Skeletal System

The Muscular System

Blood

Heart and Blood Vessels

The Respiratory System: Exchange of Gases

The Nervous System: Integration and Control

Sensory Mechanisms

The Endocrine System

The Digestive System and Nutrition

The Urinary System

Reproductive Systems

Cell Reproduction and Differentiation

Cancer: Uncontrolled Cell Division and Differentiation

Genetics and Inheritance

DNA Technology and Genetic Engineering

Development and Aging

Evolution and the Origins of Life

Ecosystems and Populations

Human Impacts, Biodiversity, and Environmental Issues

Filters

The two major types of phagocytic cells are the and the .