Exam 9: The Immune System and Mechanisms of Defense

If you travel through an airport during a major holiday season, you are very likely exposed to a number of potential pathogens. Describe some of the first lines of defense that your body uses to keep these pathogens out of your body.

All of the following represent physical and/or chemical barriers that form the body's first line of defense against pathogens EXCEPT which one?

Drugs that kill or inhibit bacteria are known as ________.

The advantage of having memory cells in specific defenses is that

Infection by HIV can eventually lead to the development of a condition called ________, which is diagnosed when the T helper cell count drops below ________.

Bacterial infections are generally treated with ________.

An individual with an uncertain vaccine history has been brought to the emergency room after receiving severe lacerations in an accident with farm machinery. In addition to administering a tetanus toxoid vaccine, he is also given a shot of tetanus immune globulin (TIG), a form of passive immunization. Why are both necessary?

Symptoms of an allergic reaction such as increased secretion of mucus, swelling, and pain are due to the release of ________ from mast cells.

Microorganisms and cellular debris are removed from lymph by the ________ and from blood by the ________.

The release of chemicals from injured cells triggers histamine release from

Immunoglobulin ________ is the most common type of immunoglobulin and is the only type that can cross the placenta to pass on the mother's acquired immunity to the developing fetus.

Plasma cells and memory cells are types of ________ lymphocytes; both types of cells secrete proteins called ________ as part of the immune response.

During a bacterial infection, the human body usually responds by having an elevated body temperature or a fever. Most over-the-counter cold medications indicate that they contain a fever suppressant. Explain why this is not always good for the treatment of a cold or infection.

All of the following are used in the production of monoclonal antibodies EXCEPT which one?

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding lymph nodes?

Body defenses that respond to generalized tissue damage and many common pathogens are referred to as

Tears and saliva contain the enzyme dermicidin, which is effective in preventing bacteria from entering the human body.

Which one of the following is correct regarding the structure of an antibody?

Viral-infected human cells often send out special proteins that serve as an early warning system to uninfected cells. In response, the uninfected cells develop antiviral proteins that protect them. The early warning proteins sent out by viral-infected cells are

Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks