Question 1

Which of the following regulates salt balance?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH 
B)  aldosterone 
C)  atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) 
D)  renin 
E)  both aldosterone and ANH 
A)  ADH 
B)  aldosterone 
C)  atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) 
D)  renin 
E)  both aldosterone and ANH

Question 2

Not only are the kidneys considered organs of excretion, but they have an endocrine function as well as an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis through the regulation of blood pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Using the letters on the figure above, identify the sections of the nephron.
-passes urine to ureter

Accepted Answer

The answer of   
Using the letters on the...

Question 4

-Using the figure above, answer this question. All of the following directly excrete wastes EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  digestive tract 
B)  circulatory system 
C)  respiratory system 
D)  integumentary system 
E)  urinary system 
A)  digestive tract 
B)  circulatory system 
C)  respiratory system 
D)  integumentary system 
E)  urinary system

Question 5

The hormone ADH

Accepted Answer

A)  causes the kidneys to produce dilute urine 
B)  is secreted by the kidneys 
C)  causes the cells of the collecting duct to be more permeable to water 
D)  causes the kidneys to produce a high volume of urine 
E)  is usually secreted when the body is completely hydrated 
A)  causes the kidneys to produce dilute urine 
B)  is secreted by the kidneys 
C)  causes the cells of the collecting duct to be more permeable to water 
D)  causes the kidneys to produce a high volume of urine 
E)  is usually secreted when the body is completely hydrated

Question 6

The outer portion of the kidneys is the ________, whereas the inner portion is the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The outer portion of the kidneys is...

Question 7

Consider a red blood cell traveling in the renal artery. It passes through several different functional vessels before entering the renal vein. Consider the vessels listed below. Which one of the following answers lists the CORRECT order in which the red blood cell passes through these vessels? 1. peritubular capillaries
2) efferent arteriole
3) afferent arteriole
4) glomerulus
5) renal vein

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B)  3, 4, 2, 1, 5 
C)  3, 2, 4, 1, 5 
D)  2, 1, 3, 4, 5 
E)  4, 3, 2, 1, 5 
A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B)  3, 4, 2, 1, 5 
C)  3, 2, 4, 1, 5 
D)  2, 1, 3, 4, 5 
E)  4, 3, 2, 1, 5

Question 8

Waste products that contain nitrogen are produced by cells as they metabolize ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Waste products that contain nitrogen are produced...

Question 9

The internal urethral sphincter is composed of smooth muscle, and the external urethral sphincter is composed of skeletal muscle; together, they control the process of urination.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis involves the circulation of a patient's blood through an artificial kidney machine in order to remove metabolic waste and excess ions; this procedure can now be done in the home.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Water and nutrients that have been filtered from the glomerular filtrate are returned to circulation as they enter the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal artery 
B)  vasa recta 
C)  efferent arteriole 
D)  peritubular capillaries 
E)  vasa recta and peritubular capillaries 
A)  renal artery 
B)  vasa recta 
C)  efferent arteriole 
D)  peritubular capillaries 
E)  vasa recta and peritubular capillaries

Question 12

Which one of the following is typically removed from the blood by the tubular secretion process?

Accepted Answer

A)  drugs such as marijuana and cocaine 
B)  urea 
C)  protein 
D)  red blood cells 
E)  water 
A)  drugs such as marijuana and cocaine 
B)  urea 
C)  protein 
D)  red blood cells 
E)  water

Question 13

Chloride ions move by ________, following transport of sodium out of tubular cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chloride ions move by ________, following transport...

Question 14

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding erythropoietin?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is secreted by the liver in response to rising blood pH. 
B)  It causes the bladder to store increased amounts of urine. 
C)  It is part of a positive feedback loop used to control the amount of hydrogen ion secreted by the kidneys. 
D)  It stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. 
E)  It is secreted in response to rising blood oxygen levels. 
A)  It is secreted by the liver in response to rising blood pH. 
B)  It causes the bladder to store increased amounts of urine. 
C)  It is part of a positive feedback loop used to control the amount of hydrogen ion secreted by the kidneys. 
D)  It stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. 
E)  It is secreted in response to rising blood oxygen levels.

Question 15

Nutrients, water, and ions reabsorbed by the proximal and distal tubules enter the ________ capillaries.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nutrients, water, and ions reabsorbed by the...

Question 16

Movement of sodium across the cells of the collecting duct relies on which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  tubular secretion 
B)  glomerular filtration 
C)  tubular reabsorption 
D)  active transport 
E)  bulk flow 
A)  tubular secretion 
B)  glomerular filtration 
C)  tubular reabsorption 
D)  active transport 
E)  bulk flow

Question 17

Over 99% of the water filtered through the glomerulus is reabsorbed. At which one of the following locations does most of this water reabsorption occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle 
B)  distal tubule 
C)  collecting duct 
D)  proximal tubule 
E)  renal pelvis 
A)  loop of Henle 
B)  distal tubule 
C)  collecting duct 
D)  proximal tubule 
E)  renal pelvis

Question 18

Using the letter choices on the figure above, identify the organs of the urinary system.
-delivers urine to the bladder

Accepted Answer

The answer of   
Using the letter choices on...

Question 19

The efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerulus to the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal artery 
B)  peritubular capillaries 
C)  renal vein 
D)  collecting duct 
E)  afferent arteriole 
A)  renal artery 
B)  peritubular capillaries 
C)  renal vein 
D)  collecting duct 
E)  afferent arteriole

Question 20

The primary sources of the nitrogenous wastes that are eliminated by the kidneys are

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins 
B)  carbohydrates 
C)  vitamins 
D)  triglycerides 
E)  nucleic acids 
A)  proteins 
B)  carbohydrates 
C)  vitamins 
D)  triglycerides 
E)  nucleic acids

Exam 15: The Urinary System

Which of the following regulates salt balance?

Not only are the kidneys considered organs of excretion, but they have an endocrine function as well as an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis through the regulation of blood pH.

Using the letters on the figure above, identify the sections of the nephron. -passes urine to ureter

-Using the figure above, answer this question. All of the following directly excrete wastes EXCEPT which one?

The hormone ADH

The outer portion of the kidneys is the ________, whereas the inner portion is the ________.

Waste products that contain nitrogen are produced by cells as they metabolize ________.

The internal urethral sphincter is composed of smooth muscle, and the external urethral sphincter is composed of skeletal muscle; together, they control the process of urination.

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis involves the circulation of a patient's blood through an artificial kidney machine in order to remove metabolic waste and excess ions; this procedure can now be done in the home.

Water and nutrients that have been filtered from the glomerular filtrate are returned to circulation as they enter the

Which one of the following is typically removed from the blood by the tubular secretion process?

Chloride ions move by ________, following transport of sodium out of tubular cells.

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding erythropoietin?

Nutrients, water, and ions reabsorbed by the proximal and distal tubules enter the ________ capillaries.

Movement of sodium across the cells of the collecting duct relies on which one of the following?

Over 99% of the water filtered through the glomerulus is reabsorbed. At which one of the following locations does most of this water reabsorption occur?

Using the letter choices on the figure above, identify the organs of the urinary system. -delivers urine to the bladder

The efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerulus to the

The primary sources of the nitrogenous wastes that are eliminated by the kidneys are

Human Biology, Science, and Society

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Structure and Function of Cells

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The Immune System and Mechanisms of Defense

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Filters

The outer portion of the kidneys is the , whereas the inner portion is the .