Exam 6: Groups and Organizations

The number of members a group actually has refers to the ___________ size of a group.

Distinguish between groups,aggregates,and categories from a sociological perspective.

__________ leaders make all major group decisions and assign tasks To members.

A(n) __________ is a group to which a person belongs and with which the person feels a sense of identity.

From a __________ perspective,if groups exist to meet the instrumental and expressive needs of their members,then leaders are responsible for helping the group meet those needs.

The textbook cites three of the major problems of bureaucracies.Which of the following is NOT identified as a major problem of bureaucracies?

Interactions are more personal and intense in a small group,a collectivity small enough for all members to be acquainted with one another and to interact simultaneously.

In discussing the Japanese model of organization,the text points out that

Large groups leaders are expected to perform a variety of roles,some related to the internal workings of the group and others related to external relationships with other groups.

A(n) __________ is a web of social relationships that links one person with other people and,through them,with other people they know.

__________ leaders encourage group discussion and decision making through consensus building.

Define primary and secondary groups and describe how these concepts relate to one another.

In relation to types of groups,describe sociologist Charles Horton Cooley's theory on primary and secondary groups.

Summarize sociologist Amitai Etzioni's theory on the types of formal organizations.

Occasionally,people in aggregates and categories form social groups.For instance,people within the category known as "graduate students" may form social groups as they interact with one another in classes and seminars,find that they have mutual interests and concerns,and develop a sense of belonging to the group.

Summarize Max Weber's perspective on rationality and outline his ideal characteristics of bureaucracy.

A(n) __________ is a number of people who may never have met one another but share a similar characteristic.

In a series of experiments conducted by Solomon Asch,the pressure toward group conformity was so great that participants were willing to contradict their own best judgment if the rest of the group disagreed with them.

Describe dyads and triads and explain the phenomena of changes in interaction patterns.

Gender inequalities that are perpetuated in bureaucracies: