Exam 6: Groups and Organizations

Describe the experiments of Stanley Milgram and explain their contributions to our understanding about obedience to authority.

Two members may unite to create a __________ that can subject the third member to group pressure in order to conform.It is an alliance created in an attempt to reach a shared objective or goal.

Sociologist Charles H.Cooley used the term __________ to describe a small,less specialized group in which members engage in face-to-face,emotion-based interactions over an extended period of time.

Which of the following are NOT one of the four main dimensions of McDonaldization identified by Ritzer?

The informal structure has been referred to as __________,because it includes the ideology and practices of workers on the job.

Describe the iron law of oligarchy and explain why bureaucratic hierarchies and oligarchies go hand in hand.

The March of Dimes' initial objective was to raise funds in an attempt to find a cure for polio.Once the cure was discovered,they shifted their attention to raising funds for birth defect research.This illustrates:

In reference to Stanley Milgram's study,the text points out that:

The actual number of members in a group is referred to as the __________ .

According to functionalists,__________ needs cannot always be met by one person,so the group works cooperatively to fulfill a specific goal. For example,think of how hard it would to function as a one-person football team or to single-handedly build a skyscraper.

People do not voluntarily become members of __________ organizations (associations that people are forced to join).

Several people waiting for a traffic light to change,shoppers in a department store,and passengers on an airplane flight are all examples of a(n):

According to Charles H.Cooley,we have primary relationships with other individuals in our primary groups-that is,with our significant others,who frequently serve as role models.

Regarding group characteristics and dynamics,discuss sociologist Georg Simmel's theory on group size.

An organization's __________ is composed of those aspects of participants' day-to-day activities and interactions that ignore,bypass,or do not correspond with the official rules and procedures of the bureaucracy.

The tragic 2003 explosion of the space shuttle Columbia while preparing to land has been cited as an example of groupthink.

Which of the following is NOT a method that an organization,such as a country club,may use to maintain formal group boundaries?

__________ leadership provides emotional support for members.

The Japanese system encourages worker loyalty and a high level of productivity.Managers are assigned to a permanent workplace and tend to become highly specialized,unlike their U.S.counterparts who are often moved through various parts of the organization.

_____________ used the term "trained incapacity" to characterize Which workers have become so highly specialized,or have been Given such fragmented jobs to do,that they are unable to come up With creative solutions to problems.