Exam 6: More Racial Oppression: Other Institutional Sectors

Research demonstrates that black and Latino Americans' experience with whites' racist actions are correlated with increased stress-related physical and mental health problems.

A survey of 366 professionals of color who had gone through the National Urban Fellows leadership program reported racial discrimination, including all the following EXCEPT:

While black college athletes may be celebrated on playing-fields, they are given heavy practice requirements and game schedules, and often do not graduate with an adequate college education.

The most recent black infant mortality rate is _________ the white infant mortality rate.

A discriminatory impact standard requires a finding of intent to discriminate.

Describe the sociological study of Halloween events that drew on 663 observation journals by college students in several regions in the U.S., and the findings of Jennifer Mueller and Rosalind Chou concerning Halloween costumes, events, and parties.

In a survey of 366 professionals of color who had gone through the National Urban Fellows leadership program, Asian American women reported facing more discrimination than Asian American men.

One important social science study asked 800 adults in the Chicago area to describe their image of a racially ideal community. White respondents said that an area with many African Americans or Arab Americans is their least ideal area because:

In its 2017 report, the National Fair Housing Alliance reported that the federal government's housing agency continues to receive numerous complaints of insurance redlining.

Many African Americans wish to be among the first families in a predominantly white area.

The number of black athletes and other athletes of color is a sign that white racism is no longer a problem in college and professional sports.

Joe Feagin and Kimberley Ducey write: "One part of the problem in regard to hostile racial climates lies in the fact that many white students come to historically white colleges and universities, with their diversifying populations, unprepared for this reality." Explain.

In surveys, many black respondents indicate that they have recently experienced discrimination while dining out, shopping, or in public transportation.

Research on corporate advancement shows that women of color have done well in terms of being promoted to the upper ranks of corporate executives.

Describe the 2017 report by the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center, which examined data on graduation rates for part-time and full-time college students who had begun two-year or four-year college programs in fall 2010. How did this report make clear the many consequences of racial inequalities?

A study of a diverse group of 264 teenagers found:

Racial targeting, housing discrimination, or other race-related factors are associated with the location of the nation's hazardous waste facilities.

Two-year colleges are solid stepping stones for educational success for low-income students of color.

In 2013, as the economy was beginning to rebound with some people buying and selling foreclosed properties and other urban real estate, the influential Bloomberg Businessweek magazine ran a cover with racist caricatures of black and Latino homeowners flush with money in association with their inside feature story on this housing rebound. How did the National Fair Housing Alliance react to the cover imagery?

________________ suggests the important concept of systemic gendered racism for the complexity of societal pressures and discriminatory conditions that black female entrepreneurs routinely face today.