Exam 7: White Privileges and Black Burdens: Still Systemic Racism

Much of the economic advantage and prosperity of whites in earlier centuries came directly or indirectly from the labor of enslaved Africans and African Americans, or from the country's economic development spurred by profits from slave farms, slave plantations, and the slave trade.

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Question 1

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Explain how contemporary non-elite whites strongly accept a racially framed society, a white male elite-dominated country, and the white elite's capitalistic ("neoliberal") framing that accents many government cutbacks and much privatization as being good for whites generally. Be sure to include in your explanation the role of the old pro-white subframe (a positive evaluation of white low-tax and privatization efforts) and the anti-others subframes (negative evaluations of discriminated-against black people and other people of color who need traditional public services and facilities).

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Question 2

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Contemporary non-elite whites strongly accept a racially framed society, a white male elite-dominated country, and the white elite's capitalistic ("neoliberal") framing that accents many government cutbacks and much privatization as being good for whites generally due to a combination of factors.

Firstly, the old pro-white subframe plays a significant role in shaping their beliefs. This subframe promotes a positive evaluation of white low-tax and privatization efforts, leading non-elite whites to believe that these policies will benefit them and their communities. They are led to believe that by supporting these policies, they are contributing to the success and prosperity of their own racial group.

Additionally, the anti-others subframes also play a crucial role in shaping their beliefs. These subframes promote negative evaluations of discriminated-against black people and other people of color who need traditional public services and facilities. Non-elite whites are influenced to believe that these groups are undeserving of government support and that their own interests are threatened by providing assistance to these marginalized communities.

Furthermore, the white male elite-dominated country reinforces the belief that policies promoting government cutbacks and privatization are in the best interest of non-elite whites. They are led to believe that these policies will lead to economic growth and prosperity for their racial group, despite evidence showing that these policies often disproportionately benefit the wealthy elite.

In conclusion, the acceptance of a racially framed society and the support for capitalistic framing that emphasizes government cutbacks and privatization as beneficial for whites generally is influenced by the old pro-white and anti-others subframes, as well as the influence of the white male elite-dominated country. These factors contribute to the strong acceptance of these beliefs among contemporary non-elite whites.

The scholar Thomas Craemer has calculated the hours worked by enslaved black men, women, and children from 1776 (the Declaration of Independence) to 1865 (the official end to slavery). He estimated that the cost of reparations for this largely uncompensated labor would be in the range of $500 million to $1 billion.

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Question 3

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Karyn McKinney has collected racial autobiographies from white college students. Her autobiographies specifically reveal:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 4

Legal scholar Patricia Williams concludes that black enslavement meant losing all the following EXCEPT:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 5

Social scientist Andrew Hacker asked white college students how much they would seek in compensation if they were suddenly changed from white to black. Most indicated:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 6

In the latest Census Bureau data, the white poverty rate was percent, as compared with a much higher black poverty rate of percent.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 7

Since the 1960s civil rights programs, whites have lost economic ground compared to blacks.

(True/False)

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Question 8

A majority of whites are very defensive when reminded of their white privilege and position in society's racial hierarchy.

(True/False)

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Question 9

Inequality in agricultural land was a major cause of persisting racial inequalities after the Civil War.

(True/False)

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Question 10

Much research shows that there is a concrete ceiling that generally impedes black Americans, many other Americans of color, and white women from many of the highest-level institutional positions in the U.S. Drawing on the research, explain.

(Essay)

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Question 11

Explain what Joe Feagin and Kimberley Ducey mean by: "[F]or many deceased African Americans, everyday racism could be listed on their death certificates as a major contributing cause of death."

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Question 12

The stress, anger, and rage created by everyday racism can generate serious physical health consequences. Sociologist William Smith has described a key aspect of this reality______________, which is produced by the persistent rerouting of energy needed for emergency situations, primarily for psychosocial reasons, to deal with race-related stress.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 13

Most higher-level executives in major firms are white men. Strong evidence of the corporate world's failure to promote meritorious employees of color and women is seen in the fact that:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 14

Explain how the white racial framing of black workers and families has had major political implications, including in recent elections.

(Essay)

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Question 15

Which of the following is true of white women's place in the U.S. contemporarily and historically?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 16

Suburban (mostly white) expansion is costly in terms of infrastructural costs (e.g., transportation, water, flood-control, and sewage systems), which typically increase significantly with sprawling suburban and exurban development.

(True/False)

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Question 17

Beginning in the 1980s, the few top corporate managers who were white women have mostly:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 18

Researchers have estimated the costs of the labor market discrimination against black Americans from 1929 to 1969 (in 1983 dollars) at about ________.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 19

Drawing on the work of Melvin Oliver and Thomas Shapiro, summarize the impact of various government programs that have aggressively favored whites.

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Question 20

Showing 1 - 20 of 177

Much of the economic advantage and prosperity of whites in earlier centuries came directly or indirectly from the labor of enslaved Africans and African Americans, or from the country's economic development spurred by profits from slave farms, slave plantations, and the slave trade.

Karyn McKinney has collected racial autobiographies from white college students. Her autobiographies specifically reveal:

Legal scholar Patricia Williams concludes that black enslavement meant losing all the following EXCEPT:

Social scientist Andrew Hacker asked white college students how much they would seek in compensation if they were suddenly changed from white to black. Most indicated:

In the latest Census Bureau data, the white poverty rate was percent, as compared with a much higher black poverty rate of percent.

Since the 1960s civil rights programs, whites have lost economic ground compared to blacks.

A majority of whites are very defensive when reminded of their white privilege and position in society's racial hierarchy.

Inequality in agricultural land was a major cause of persisting racial inequalities after the Civil War.

Much research shows that there is a concrete ceiling that generally impedes black Americans, many other Americans of color, and white women from many of the highest-level institutional positions in the U.S. Drawing on the research, explain.

Explain what Joe Feagin and Kimberley Ducey mean by: "[F]or many deceased African Americans, everyday racism could be listed on their death certificates as a major contributing cause of death."

Most higher-level executives in major firms are white men. Strong evidence of the corporate world's failure to promote meritorious employees of color and women is seen in the fact that:

Explain how the white racial framing of black workers and families has had major political implications, including in recent elections.

Which of the following is true of white women's place in the U.S. contemporarily and historically?

Suburban (mostly white) expansion is costly in terms of infrastructural costs (e.g., transportation, water, flood-control, and sewage systems), which typically increase significantly with sprawling suburban and exurban development.

Beginning in the 1980s, the few top corporate managers who were white women have mostly:

Researchers have estimated the costs of the labor market discrimination against black Americans from 1929 to 1969 (in 1983 dollars) at about ________.

Drawing on the work of Melvin Oliver and Thomas Shapiro, summarize the impact of various government programs that have aggressively favored whites.

Systemic Racism-A Comprehensive Perspective

Slavery Unwilling to Die- the Historical Development of Systemic Racism

The White Racial Frame- a Social Force

Contemporary Racial Framing: White Americans

Racial Oppression Today: Everyday Practice

More Racial Oppression: Other Institutional Sectors

Systemic Racism: Other Americans of Color

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Exam 7: White Privileges and Black Burdens: Still Systemic Racism

Much of the economic advantage and prosperity of whites in earlier centuries came directly or indirectly from the labor of enslaved Africans and African Americans, or from the country's economic development spurred by profits from slave farms, slave plantations, and the slave trade.

Karyn McKinney has collected racial autobiographies from white college students. Her autobiographies specifically reveal:

Legal scholar Patricia Williams concludes that black enslavement meant losing all the following EXCEPT:

Social scientist Andrew Hacker asked white college students how much they would seek in compensation if they were suddenly changed from white to black. Most indicated:

In the latest Census Bureau data, the white poverty rate was ____ percent, as compared with a much higher black poverty rate of ____ percent.

Since the 1960s civil rights programs, whites have lost economic ground compared to blacks.

A majority of whites are very defensive when reminded of their white privilege and position in society's racial hierarchy.

Inequality in agricultural land was a major cause of persisting racial inequalities after the Civil War.

Much research shows that there is a concrete ceiling that generally impedes black Americans, many other Americans of color, and white women from many of the highest-level institutional positions in the U.S. Drawing on the research, explain.

Explain what Joe Feagin and Kimberley Ducey mean by: "[F]or many deceased African Americans, everyday racism could be listed on their death certificates as a major contributing cause of death."

Most higher-level executives in major firms are white men. Strong evidence of the corporate world's failure to promote meritorious employees of color and women is seen in the fact that:

Explain how the white racial framing of black workers and families has had major political implications, including in recent elections.

Which of the following is true of white women's place in the U.S. contemporarily and historically?

Suburban (mostly white) expansion is costly in terms of infrastructural costs (e.g., transportation, water, flood-control, and sewage systems), which typically increase significantly with sprawling suburban and exurban development.

Beginning in the 1980s, the few top corporate managers who were white women have mostly:

Researchers have estimated the costs of the labor market discrimination against black Americans from 1929 to 1969 (in 1983 dollars) at about ________.

Drawing on the work of Melvin Oliver and Thomas Shapiro, summarize the impact of various government programs that have aggressively favored whites.

Systemic Racism-A Comprehensive Perspective

Slavery Unwilling to Die- the Historical Development of Systemic Racism

The White Racial Frame- a Social Force

Contemporary Racial Framing: White Americans

Racial Oppression Today: Everyday Practice

More Racial Oppression: Other Institutional Sectors

Systemic Racism: Other Americans of Color

Filters

In the latest Census Bureau data, the white poverty rate was percent, as compared with a much higher black poverty rate of percent.