Exam 7: White Privileges and Black Burdens: Still Systemic Racism

Describe the resiliency of African Americans.

Ordinary white farmers and white workers died in significant numbers fighting against slavery and for the Union, but most soldiers killed and maimed in the carnage were enslaved blacks.

Recent government data indicate:

Discuss white women's historical role in creating, maintaining, and benefitting from the ongoing system of racial oppression, including feminist leaders of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and white women in middle- and upper-classes from the 1600s to the 1860s.

Much contemporary U.S. culture is still substantially shaped by the white population's European heritage. Explain how white views and values, especially those of Anglo-Protestant groups, have been determinative in U.S. political, economic, and legal development.

Today, white Americans and black Americans are no longer substantially segregated in terms of residence and neighborhood.

Several recent surveys have shown that a substantial majority of African Americans have ____________ about the racial future of the U.S.

Racism is constructed not just in racist framing in white minds, but also in the many concrete ways that whites interact with black men, women, and children. Explain.

The scholar Thomas Craemer has calculated the hours worked by enslaved black men, women, and children from 1776 (the Declaration of Independence) to 1865 (the official end to slavery). He estimated that the cost of reparations for this largely uncompensated labor would be in the range of ________________.

The U.S. workforce is about 64 percent white, and just under one-third white male; however, elite white men make-up:

Your friend believes that only minor racial discrimination exists today in the U.S. What's more, she believes that what remains is only a problem of individual bigots and is fleeting. Explain to her that this view is way off-mark.

________________ was a major cause of persisting racial inequalities after the Civil War.

The era of aggressive public assistance programs from the 1930s to the 1960s was one when government "affirmative action was white." Explain.

Recently, a United Nations special rapporteur visiting the U.S. noted that while funding for the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to audit wealthy taxpayers has been reduced, efforts to identify welfare fraud are greatly intensified.

Today, typically all-white or mostly white public schools have no better educational resources and facilities than schools composed predominantly of students of color.

When asked about the costs of the discrimination they face, African American respondents frequently cite a broad range of stress-related health problems, including:

What is toxic inequality?

For centuries, white women's access to economic and cultural resources and socioeconomic opportunities has on average been ____________ black women or black men.

At some level, most whites seem aware that being black in America involves major personal, family, and economic costs.

Recently, a United Nations special rapporteur, a human-rights researcher and legal scholar, conducted an information gathering mission to California, Georgia, Puerto Rico, West Virginia, and Washington, DC. He noted that in a country as prosperous as the U.S. the persistence of extreme poverty is a political choice made by those in power.