Question 1

Describe the enslavement of Africans as one of the most brutal aspects of European and North American history.

Accepted Answer

The enslavement of Africans was indeed one of the most brutal aspects of European and North American history. Beginning in the 15th century, European powers such as Portugal, Spain, England, and France, as well as later the United States, engaged in the transatlantic slave trade, forcibly capturing and transporting millions of Africans to the Americas to be used as labor on plantations and in other industries.

The conditions of the transatlantic slave trade were horrific, with Africans being packed into overcrowded and unsanitary ships for the long and treacherous journey across the Atlantic. Many died from disease, starvation, or violence during the voyage, and those who survived were often subjected to brutal treatment and exploitation upon arrival in the Americas.

Enslaved Africans were treated as property, with no rights or autonomy, and were subjected to physical and psychological abuse by their owners. Families were torn apart, and individuals were stripped of their cultural identities and forced to adopt the customs and language of their oppressors.

The legacy of slavery continues to have a profound impact on the social, economic, and political landscape of both Europe and North America. The enslavement of Africans represents a dark chapter in history, and its effects are still felt today in the form of systemic racism, inequality, and social injustice. It is a stark reminder of the inhumanity and cruelty that can result from the exploitation and dehumanization of others.

Question 2

Whites' racist framing of Indigenous societies often allowed Native Americans slight independence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Illustrate how once fully instituted, the arrangements of slavery became much more than a machine for generating wealth. The arrangements of slavery constituted a well-developed system for the social and sexual control of men and women.

Accepted Answer

Once fully instituted, the arrangements of slavery became much more than a machine for generating wealth. The arrangements of slavery constituted a well-developed system for the social and sexual control of men and women. Slavery was not just about labor and economic exploitation; it was also about the complete domination and subjugation of individuals. Slaves were stripped of their basic human rights and treated as property, subject to the whims and desires of their owners. This included not only forced labor, but also the control of their social interactions, sexual relationships, and even their reproductive capabilities. Slavery was a system that sought to dehumanize and degrade individuals, using them as tools for the benefit of their owners. It was a brutal and oppressive system that extended far beyond the economic realm, permeating every aspect of the lives of those who were enslaved.

Question 4

By _________, an all-white U.S. Supreme Court had redefined Indigenous societies as "domestic dependent nations."

Accepted Answer

A)  1600 
B)  1631 
C)  1700 
D)  1831 
A)  1600 
B)  1631 
C)  1700 
D)  1831

Question 5

Between the 1600s and the 1820s, at least ____________ Africans were forcibly brought to the Americas, while in contrast ____________ European immigrants came during the same period.

Accepted Answer

A)  500,000; 200,000 
B)  one million; 400,000 
C)  five million; 1 million 
D)  eight million; 850,000 
A)  500,000; 200,000 
B)  one million; 400,000 
C)  five million; 1 million 
D)  eight million; 850,000

Question 6

New Deal housing programs increased residential segregation by restricting federally guaranteed home loans to homes in racially segregated areas.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

New York City's famous Wall Street sold enslaved black Americans up until ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  1689 
B)  1703 
C)  1777 
D)  1800 
E)  1862 
A)  1689 
B)  1703 
C)  1777 
D)  1800 
E)  1862

Question 8

By the 1720s more than one-fifth of New York City's population was black and mostly enslaved.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Joe Feagin and Kimberley Ducey write: "Decades before the Civil War, Jim Crow laws were first "invented" by northern whites." Explain.

Accepted Answer

Jim Crow laws were first "invented" by n

Question 10

Among some social scientists there is debate as to whether the slavery system was capitalistic or a unique enclave economy imbedded in a larger capitalistic system. However, most agree on two points. Describe the two points.

Accepted Answer

The debate among social scientists about

Question 11

Explain why the infamous 1857 Dred Scott Supreme Court decision confirms that leading whites viewed the situations of Native Americans and African Americans differently.

Accepted Answer

The infamous 1857 Dred Scott Supreme Cou

Question 12

Into the 1930s, not only did the 11 southern states have Jim Crow laws, but all the border states did too.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Describe the severe economic impact that legal Jim Crow segregation had, including: "forty acres and a mule", the Homestead Act of 1862, and the Southern Homestead Act of 1866.

Accepted Answer

The severe economic impact of legal Jim

Question 14

Chief Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, for most of the period up to the Civil War, were slaveholders.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Describe the barbaric brutality of white northerners responding to black attempts to break slavery's bonds.

Accepted Answer

The barbaric brutality of white Northern

Question 16

Discuss George Washington's views of black men, women, and children. Are his views in keeping with his claims that he opposed slavery? Explain.

Accepted Answer

George Washington's views of black men,

Question 17

The draft Declaration of Independence, prepared mostly by Thomas Jefferson, originally contained language accusing the British king of pursuing slavery and the slave trade. Why was this critique of slavery omitted from the final version of the Declaration of Independence?

Accepted Answer

The critique of slavery was omitted from

Question 18

By 1890, with most forced onto reservations, Native American numbers had decreased to about 250,000, sharply down from an estimated 15 million Indigenous people when Europeans first arrived.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

White-run federal agencies were NOT discriminatory and or segregationist in many New Deal policies, including Social Security programs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Describe the racialized deference rituals - implemented to ensure that whites in all classes benefited from a strong sense of racial superiority - that were forced on black men, women, and children.

Accepted Answer

Racialized deference rituals were implem

Describe the enslavement of Africans as one of the most brutal aspects of European and North American history.

Whites' racist framing of Indigenous societies often allowed Native Americans slight independence.

Illustrate how once fully instituted, the arrangements of slavery became much more than a machine for generating wealth. The arrangements of slavery constituted a well-developed system for the social and sexual control of men and women.

By _________, an all-white U.S. Supreme Court had redefined Indigenous societies as "domestic dependent nations."

Between the 1600s and the 1820s, at least Africans were forcibly brought to the Americas, while in contrast European immigrants came during the same period.

New Deal housing programs increased residential segregation by restricting federally guaranteed home loans to homes in racially segregated areas.

New York City's famous Wall Street sold enslaved black Americans up until ________.

By the 1720s more than one-fifth of New York City's population was black and mostly enslaved.

Joe Feagin and Kimberley Ducey write: "Decades before the Civil War, Jim Crow laws were first "invented" by northern whites." Explain.

Among some social scientists there is debate as to whether the slavery system was capitalistic or a unique enclave economy imbedded in a larger capitalistic system. However, most agree on two points. Describe the two points.

Explain why the infamous 1857 Dred Scott Supreme Court decision confirms that leading whites viewed the situations of Native Americans and African Americans differently.

Into the 1930s, not only did the 11 southern states have Jim Crow laws, but all the border states did too.

Describe the severe economic impact that legal Jim Crow segregation had, including: "forty acres and a mule", the Homestead Act of 1862, and the Southern Homestead Act of 1866.

Chief Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, for most of the period up to the Civil War, were slaveholders.

Describe the barbaric brutality of white northerners responding to black attempts to break slavery's bonds.

Discuss George Washington's views of black men, women, and children. Are his views in keeping with his claims that he opposed slavery? Explain.

The draft Declaration of Independence, prepared mostly by Thomas Jefferson, originally contained language accusing the British king of pursuing slavery and the slave trade. Why was this critique of slavery omitted from the final version of the Declaration of Independence?

By 1890, with most forced onto reservations, Native American numbers had decreased to about 250,000, sharply down from an estimated 15 million Indigenous people when Europeans first arrived.

White-run federal agencies were NOT discriminatory and or segregationist in many New Deal policies, including Social Security programs.

Describe the racialized deference rituals - implemented to ensure that whites in all classes benefited from a strong sense of racial superiority - that were forced on black men, women, and children.

Systemic Racism-A Comprehensive Perspective

The White Racial Frame- a Social Force

Contemporary Racial Framing: White Americans

Racial Oppression Today: Everyday Practice

More Racial Oppression: Other Institutional Sectors

White Privileges and Black Burdens: Still Systemic Racism

Systemic Racism: Other Americans of Color

Filters

Exam 2: Slavery Unwilling to Die- the Historical Development of Systemic Racism

Describe the enslavement of Africans as one of the most brutal aspects of European and North American history.

Whites' racist framing of Indigenous societies often allowed Native Americans slight independence.

Illustrate how once fully instituted, the arrangements of slavery became much more than a machine for generating wealth. The arrangements of slavery constituted a well-developed system for the social and sexual control of men and women.

By _________, an all-white U.S. Supreme Court had redefined Indigenous societies as "domestic dependent nations."

Between the 1600s and the 1820s, at least ____________ Africans were forcibly brought to the Americas, while in contrast ____________ European immigrants came during the same period.

New Deal housing programs increased residential segregation by restricting federally guaranteed home loans to homes in racially segregated areas.

New York City's famous Wall Street sold enslaved black Americans up until ________.

By the 1720s more than one-fifth of New York City's population was black and mostly enslaved.

Joe Feagin and Kimberley Ducey write: "Decades before the Civil War, Jim Crow laws were first "invented" by northern whites." Explain.

Among some social scientists there is debate as to whether the slavery system was capitalistic or a unique enclave economy imbedded in a larger capitalistic system. However, most agree on two points. Describe the two points.

Explain why the infamous 1857 Dred Scott Supreme Court decision confirms that leading whites viewed the situations of Native Americans and African Americans differently.

Into the 1930s, not only did the 11 southern states have Jim Crow laws, but all the border states did too.

Describe the severe economic impact that legal Jim Crow segregation had, including: "forty acres and a mule", the Homestead Act of 1862, and the Southern Homestead Act of 1866.

Chief Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, for most of the period up to the Civil War, were slaveholders.

Describe the barbaric brutality of white northerners responding to black attempts to break slavery's bonds.

Discuss George Washington's views of black men, women, and children. Are his views in keeping with his claims that he opposed slavery? Explain.

The draft Declaration of Independence, prepared mostly by Thomas Jefferson, originally contained language accusing the British king of pursuing slavery and the slave trade. Why was this critique of slavery omitted from the final version of the Declaration of Independence?

By 1890, with most forced onto reservations, Native American numbers had decreased to about 250,000, sharply down from an estimated 15 million Indigenous people when Europeans first arrived.

White-run federal agencies were NOT discriminatory and or segregationist in many New Deal policies, including Social Security programs.

Describe the racialized deference rituals - implemented to ensure that whites in all classes benefited from a strong sense of racial superiority - that were forced on black men, women, and children.

Systemic Racism-A Comprehensive Perspective

The White Racial Frame- a Social Force

Contemporary Racial Framing: White Americans

Racial Oppression Today: Everyday Practice

More Racial Oppression: Other Institutional Sectors

White Privileges and Black Burdens: Still Systemic Racism

Systemic Racism: Other Americans of Color

Filters

Between the 1600s and the 1820s, at least Africans were forcibly brought to the Americas, while in contrast European immigrants came during the same period.