Exam 7: White Privileges and Black Burdens: Still Systemic Racism

Until the ______ most unions discriminated openly against black workers, reinforcing racial segregation in the labor market and increasing white workers' incomes relative to those of black workers.

Much of the economic advantage and prosperity of whites in earlier centuries came directly or indirectly from the country's economic development spurred by profits from:

Describe how historically, whites have been the direct beneficiaries of much government assistance and large-scale preferential programs intended to create more white prosperity and upward mobility.

Recently, the National Urban League issued a State of Black America report that summarized the general state of contemporary black America across several institutional areas. The economic area showed the most relative inequality for African Americans with respect to white Americans, with an economic index of _____ percent. (Equality with whites would be 100 percent.)

Each white generation benefits from societal transmission processes that pass earlier unjustly gained economic and cultural capital to future white generations.

A very dramatic indicator of generations of accumulating and privileged white access to socioeconomic resources is seen in measures of household wealth. Explain.

From the 1600s to the 1860s, white women in middle- and upper-income groups were legally barred from socioeconomic inheritances, including receiving enslaved African Americans.

A majority of white female voters have supported the less progressive political (Republican) party and candidate in all but two of 17 presidential elections from the 1950s to 2016.

The _________________ created many billions of dollars of wealth for white homesteaders and their descendants, with the latter often benefiting to the present day.

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe and their descendants were generally able to do much better economically, politically, and residentially than the still-segregated black Americans who had already resided in the country for generations before these white immigrants arrived.

Recently, the National Urban League issued a State of Black America report that summarized the general state of contemporary black America across several institutional areas, including:

Today, white Americans and black Americans are substantially segregated in terms of residence and neighborhood. Describe the negative consequences for whites who have fled the central cities and moved to distant suburbs directly or indirectly for racist reasons.

Recent surveys indicate that many whites, especially white men, think they are now major victims of discrimination.

Explain sociologist Rodney Coates's cage as metaphor for everyday racism.

What is the likely significant impact of everyday racism on various diseases faced by African Americans and how does systemic racism play a major role in these health inequalities?

When white workers have refused to organize effectively with workers of color against very exploitative employers, they have often received less in the way of wage and workplace improvements than they might well have collectively secured.

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, white European newcomers were able to move up the economic ladder because:

Describe Gunnar Myrdal's study of Jim Crow segregation, reported in the influential 1944 book titled, An American Dilemma. Be sure to explain how Myrdal failed to fully understand that the problem of U.S. racism.

According to a 2016 Pew report, the median net worth of white households is many times greater than that of black households - with black households at only ______ and white households at ______.

Stephen DeCanio's economic model suggests that African Americans who had no significant material property because of slavery, and who were emancipated without the promised arable land, were collectively fated to endure major long-term economic inequality compared to whites: