Exam 9: Sleep, Wakefulness, and Conscious Awareness

The egg-laying echidna does not exhibit REM sleep but has a disproportionately large ________ .

When the sleeping brain turns to violence, the behavior is considered an example of an_________, an involuntary complex response that occurs outside of conscious awareness.

______________ is a seasonal rhythm characterized by a large sustained drop in body temperature and minimal brain cortical EEG activity.

Toward morning, non-REM sleep is characterized mostly by ________ sleep.

________ is characterized by waking episodes that invade the nighttime sleep structure such as pauses in breathing during sleeping, resulting in daytime sleepiness.

________ are observed in rats while learning a maze and a subsequent bout of sleeping.

Cells that are maximally active during REM sleep (as opposed to during waking and non-REM sleep) are called ___________ cells.

________ had an even greater impact than sleep duration on the susceptibility to illness.

The area below the locus coeruleus, known as the ________, is an especially critical generator of REM sleep.

________ can be thought of as alertness or vigilance and is related to activation of the reticular activating system, hy?pothalamus, and basal forebrain.

___________ is considered a sleep facilitator and has been investigated as a potential treatment for insomnia.

_______ appear in bursts of 3-10 waves, most often correlated with rapid eye movements.

Individuals diagnosed with ________ experience difficulties initiating sleep, maintaining sleep, or both and suffer from sleepiness during the waking hours.

An ______________ assesses muscle tension.

What finding suggested that the brainstem area below the midpontine cut played an important role in sleep production?

EEG records of dolphins reveal that only one hemisphere sleeps at a time.

Studies suggest that no more than ________ of lost sleep is recovered following sleep deprivation.

________ decreases the REM sleep rebound effects in humans.

What are the potential causes of insomnia?

The area below the locus coeruleus, known as the ___________, is an especially critical generator of REM.