Question 1

The ________ can prompt wakefulness even in the absence of sensory stimuli.

Accepted Answer

ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)

Question 2

When might you want to seek the help of a device marketed by Count Karnice-Karnicki?

Accepted Answer

A)  When you want to break the world record for days without sleeping. 
B)  When you are having night terrors. 
C)  When you have insomnia. 
D)  When you are paranoid of being buried alive. 
A)  When you want to break the world record for days without sleeping. 
B)  When you are having night terrors. 
C)  When you have insomnia. 
D)  When you are paranoid of being buried alive. D

Question 3

___________ may promote the onset of sleep by inhibiting the activation of cholinergic neurons in the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS).

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetylcholine 
B)  Galanin 
C)  GABA 
D)  Adenosine 
A)  Acetylcholine 
B)  Galanin 
C)  GABA 
D)  Adenosine D

Question 4

__________ is a disorder characterized by waking episodes that invade the nighttime sleep structure, as well as one or more pauses in breathing.

Accepted Answer

A)  Night terror. 
B)  Sudden infant death syndrome. 
C)  Narcolepsy. 
D)  Sleep apnea. 
A)  Night terror. 
B)  Sudden infant death syndrome. 
C)  Narcolepsy. 
D)  Sleep apnea.

Question 5

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is involved in the interpretation of visual stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Some individuals report successfully realigning their biological rhythms by using ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  light therapy 
B)  opioids 
C)  exercise 
D)  alcohol 
A)  light therapy 
B)  opioids 
C)  exercise 
D)  alcohol

Question 7

________ are environmental triggers which set circadian rhythms.

Accepted Answer

A)  Zeitgeists 
B)  Zeitgebers 
C)  Zeitdonors 
D)  Zeitgrubers 
A)  Zeitgeists 
B)  Zeitgebers 
C)  Zeitdonors 
D)  Zeitgrubers

Question 8

Short-term sleep deprivation often leads to a ___________ sleep rebound effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  non-REM 
B)  REM 
C)  short-lasting 
D)  long-lasting 
A)  non-REM 
B)  REM 
C)  short-lasting 
D)  long-lasting

Question 9

The cells of the pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei are primarily___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonergic 
B)  glutaminergic 
C)  cholinergic 
D)  dopaminergic 
A)  serotonergic 
B)  glutaminergic 
C)  cholinergic 
D)  dopaminergic

Question 10

While captive sloths sleep 20 hours per day, in the wild sloths sleep only ________ hours per day.

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  9 
C)  12 
D)  19 
A)  6 
B)  9 
C)  12 
D)  19

Question 11

Prior to the advent of artificial lights, humans displayed a ________ sleep pattern compared to our current society.

Accepted Answer

A)  longer 
B)  shorter 
C)  comparable 
D)  segmented 
A)  longer 
B)  shorter 
C)  comparable 
D)  segmented

Question 12

Research has indicated that _______ can be used to induce phase shifts, or realignment, in circadian clocks.

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin 
B)  exercise 
C)  melatonin 
D)  melanin 
A)  insulin 
B)  exercise 
C)  melatonin 
D)  melanin

Question 13

________ are daily cycles are regulated by internal mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

A)  Quotidian rhythms 
B)  Instincts 
C)  Zeitgebers 
D)  Free-running rhythms 
A)  Quotidian rhythms 
B)  Instincts 
C)  Zeitgebers 
D)  Free-running rhythms

Question 14

Elephants, large enough to discourage predators, but benefitting from more time to feed, sleep only 3-4 hours per day. This is consistent with the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sleep rebound theory 
B)  activation-synthesis model of dreaming 
C)  homeostatic theory of sleep regulation 
D)  adaptive theory of sleep 
A)  sleep rebound theory 
B)  activation-synthesis model of dreaming 
C)  homeostatic theory of sleep regulation 
D)  adaptive theory of sleep

Question 15

What is the difference between someone who is minimally conscious and someone with locked-in syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Minimally conscious: nonreflexive behavi

Question 16

Delta (δ) waves (0.5-3 Hertz), are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fast, irregular, low-intensity waves typical of brains that are awake and active 
B)  more regular or consistent in their shape found in awake, but drowsy brains 
C)  low-intensity sleep waves that are found in stage 1 sleep 
D)  are even lower-frequency sleep waves found in slow-wave sleep (SWS) 
A)  fast, irregular, low-intensity waves typical of brains that are awake and active 
B)  more regular or consistent in their shape found in awake, but drowsy brains 
C)  low-intensity sleep waves that are found in stage 1 sleep 
D)  are even lower-frequency sleep waves found in slow-wave sleep (SWS)

Question 17

During which stage of sleep would it likely be the most difficult to wake someone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slow wave sleep (SWS). 
B)  Stage 1. 
C)  REM. 
D)  Stage 2. 
A)  Slow wave sleep (SWS). 
B)  Stage 1. 
C)  REM. 
D)  Stage 2.

Question 18

Auditory and visual hallucinations by paralysis experienced while falling asleep are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  night terrors 
B)  hypnogogic hallucinations 
C)  psychotic breaks 
D)  lucid dreams 
A)  night terrors 
B)  hypnogogic hallucinations 
C)  psychotic breaks 
D)  lucid dreams

Question 19

The onset of REM sleep typically occurs about 30 seconds after the appearance of ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  pontogeniculooccipital (PGO) spikes 
B)  alpha waves 
C)  sleep spindles 
D)  k-complexes 
A)  pontogeniculooccipital (PGO) spikes 
B)  alpha waves 
C)  sleep spindles 
D)  k-complexes

Question 20

Small lesions damaging certain portions of the ___________ in cats resulted in a loss of atonia and the cats acting out their dreams.

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum 
B)  subcoeruleus region 
C)  suprachiasmatic nucelus 
D)  pedunculopontine nucleus 
A)  cerebellum 
B)  subcoeruleus region 
C)  suprachiasmatic nucelus 
D)  pedunculopontine nucleus

The ________ can prompt wakefulness even in the absence of sensory stimuli.

When might you want to seek the help of a device marketed by Count Karnice-Karnicki?

___________ may promote the onset of sleep by inhibiting the activation of cholinergic neurons in the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS).

__________ is a disorder characterized by waking episodes that invade the nighttime sleep structure, as well as one or more pauses in breathing.

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is involved in the interpretation of visual stimuli.

Some individuals report successfully realigning their biological rhythms by using ____________.

________ are environmental triggers which set circadian rhythms.

Short-term sleep deprivation often leads to a ___________ sleep rebound effect.

The cells of the pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei are primarily___________.

While captive sloths sleep 20 hours per day, in the wild sloths sleep only ________ hours per day.

Prior to the advent of artificial lights, humans displayed a ________ sleep pattern compared to our current society.

Research has indicated that _______ can be used to induce phase shifts, or realignment, in circadian clocks.

________ are daily cycles are regulated by internal mechanisms.

Elephants, large enough to discourage predators, but benefitting from more time to feed, sleep only 3-4 hours per day. This is consistent with the ________.

What is the difference between someone who is minimally conscious and someone with locked-in syndrome?

Delta (δ) waves (0.5-3 Hertz), are ________.

During which stage of sleep would it likely be the most difficult to wake someone?

Auditory and visual hallucinations by paralysis experienced while falling asleep are called ________.

The onset of REM sleep typically occurs about 30 seconds after the appearance of ___________.

Small lesions damaging certain portions of the ___________ in cats resulted in a loss of atonia and the cats acting out their dreams.

Introduction to Biological Psychology

The Nervous System: Structure and Function

Cells and Circuits

Neurochemistry, Neuropsychopharmacology, and Drug Addiction

Evolving Brains: Neural Development, Neuroplasticity, and Recovery of Function

Sensation, Perception, and Adaptation

Movement

Maintenance and Motivation

Emotional Expression and Regulation

Affiliative and Reproductive Strategies

Learning, Memory, and Decision Making

Mental Illness

Filters

Exam 9: Sleep, Wakefulness, and Conscious Awareness

The ________ can prompt wakefulness even in the absence of sensory stimuli.

When might you want to seek the help of a device marketed by Count Karnice-Karnicki?

___________ may promote the onset of sleep by inhibiting the activation of cholinergic neurons in the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS).

__________ is a disorder characterized by waking episodes that invade the nighttime sleep structure, as well as one or more pauses in breathing.

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is involved in the interpretation of visual stimuli.

Some individuals report successfully realigning their biological rhythms by using ____________.

________ are environmental triggers which set circadian rhythms.

Short-term sleep deprivation often leads to a ___________ sleep rebound effect.

The cells of the pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei are primarily___________.

While captive sloths sleep 20 hours per day, in the wild sloths sleep only ________ hours per day.

Prior to the advent of artificial lights, humans displayed a ________ sleep pattern compared to our current society.

Research has indicated that _______ can be used to induce phase shifts, or realignment, in circadian clocks.

________ are daily cycles are regulated by internal mechanisms.

Elephants, large enough to discourage predators, but benefitting from more time to feed, sleep only 3-4 hours per day. This is consistent with the ________.

What is the difference between someone who is minimally conscious and someone with locked-in syndrome?

Delta (δ) waves (0.5-3 Hertz), are ________.

During which stage of sleep would it likely be the most difficult to wake someone?

Auditory and visual hallucinations by paralysis experienced while falling asleep are called ________.

The onset of REM sleep typically occurs about 30 seconds after the appearance of ___________.

Small lesions damaging certain portions of the ___________ in cats resulted in a loss of atonia and the cats acting out their dreams.

Introduction to Biological Psychology

The Nervous System: Structure and Function

Cells and Circuits

Neurochemistry, Neuropsychopharmacology, and Drug Addiction

Evolving Brains: Neural Development, Neuroplasticity, and Recovery of Function

Sensation, Perception, and Adaptation

Movement

Maintenance and Motivation

Emotional Expression and Regulation

Affiliative and Reproductive Strategies

Learning, Memory, and Decision Making

Mental Illness

Filters