Exam 9: Sleep, Wakefulness, and Conscious Awareness

_________________ are physiological rhythms with a period shorter than 24 hours.

Immune system factors, interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor, also appear to increase ________ sleep.

_________, a cluster of serotonin-secreting neurons in the brainstem, play a role in sleep regulation.

According to the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis, during sleep weaker synapses are reduced in order to provide more energy and resources for stronger synapses.

These are dreams that occur during slow-wave sleep and result in an abrupt wakening and panic responses.

________ have been found to be less effective in individuals who have an interrupted night of sleep.

In a 1964 sleep deprivation study, a high school student named Randy Gardner broke the world record by staying awake for ____ days straight.

Narcolepsy sufferers may exhibit impaired ________ neurotransmission.

REM sleep has been shown to facilitate the consolidation of memories of how to perform a certain action, called ________ memories.

Cataplexy is another name for narcolepsy.

Lower ________ is a better predictor than sleep duration of susceptibility to colds.

Procedural memories represent conscious retrieval of stored memories.

________ occurs when one's eyes move back and forth during sleep and their brain wave activity appears like that of the waking state.

________ include behaviors such as talking, walking, and eating during sleep.

Neural messages from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) are related solely to the ________ of light in the environment.

If you wanted to help yourself sleep, which of the following pharmacological actions would you want your nighttime tea to have on the brain?

____________ refers to a process that transforms new, unstable memories into more stable memories integrated into the brain's network of existing memories.

_________ is an involuntary complex response that occurs outside of conscious awareness.

The activation-synthesis model of dreaming holds that dreams are storylines synthesized to interpret brain activity during sleep.

________ can be characterized by minimal movement, a relaxed posture, and diminished attention directed to the environment