Exam 8: Moral Theory

What does it mean to treat someone as a mere means? What does it mean to treat someone as an end in him- or herself?

According to Held, care is

Ethical egoism is the view that

Psychological egoism is the view that

For Aristotle, a good person is virtuous by

Is praising another culture different from criticizing it? Is it okay to praise another culture but not to criticize it?

Moral virtue is acquired

According to Mill, motive has nothing to do with the morality of an action.

Utilitarians claim that only happiness is desirable in itself.

Some think that utilitarianism is relativistic.

Midgley talks about cultures such as Britain being formed from mixtures of different influences. What point is she making here?

The ethics of care puts special emphasis on the moral importance of impartiality.

According to Aristotle, a "continent" person is someone who

According to Midgley, we understand other cultures well enough to praise them or want to learn from their good qualities.

Midgley argues that we do, in fact, have the ability to understand and judge other cultures. Why does she think this is true? What do you think of her reasons?

What do you think of Rachels' claim that "not wanting to do harm to others" simply is the moral reason for not doing harm to others? Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle

According to Kant, rational beings are called "persons" because, unlike mere bodies, they have souls.

In contrast to those who recommend it, Midgely claims that moral isolationism

The integrity objection to utilitarianism claims that

The maxim of an action is