Question 1

According to Barker and Kitcher, antiscience attitudes began with emergence of evolutionary theory and quantum physics.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Claim: "Caring about students is a necessary condition for being a good teacher." Objection: "Lots of people care about students and still aren't good teachers." Does this objection show that the claim is wrong?

Accepted Answer

A)  No, because the claim is only that caring is necessary, not sufficient. 
B)  No, because caring can be necessary and still be sufficient. 
C)  Yes, because caring about students is both necessary and sufficient. 
D)  Yes, because it's true that caring is not sufficient to make one a good teacher. 
A)  No, because the claim is only that caring is necessary, not sufficient. 
B)  No, because caring can be necessary and still be sufficient. 
C)  Yes, because caring about students is both necessary and sufficient. 
D)  Yes, because it's true that caring is not sufficient to make one a good teacher. A

Question 3

Hypotheses are self-evidently true.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

An appeal to unsuitable authority is

Accepted Answer

A)  A fallacy of irrelevance. 
B)  A particular version of the fallacy of petitio principii. 
C)  Occurs when there is no good reason to think this authority is an expert on the issue. 
D)  Both a and c. 
A)  A fallacy of irrelevance. 
B)  A particular version of the fallacy of petitio principii. 
C)  Occurs when there is no good reason to think this authority is an expert on the issue. 
D)  Both a and c.

Question 5

Semmelweis was concerned that more instances of childbed fever occurred in the

Accepted Answer

A)  Vienna General Hospital than in other hospitals. 
B)  Vienna General Hospital than in home deliveries. 
C)  First Maternity Division than in the Second. 
D)  Second Maternity Division than in the First. 
A)  Vienna General Hospital than in other hospitals. 
B)  Vienna General Hospital than in home deliveries. 
C)  First Maternity Division than in the Second. 
D)  Second Maternity Division than in the First.

Question 6

If A is necessary for B, then B is sufficient for

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A test implication

Accepted Answer

A)  Is an expected effect of a given hypothesis. 
B)  May be true or false. 
C)  May be tested for by experiment. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  Is an expected effect of a given hypothesis. 
B)  May be true or false. 
C)  May be tested for by experiment. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 8

The mode of reasoning known as "affirming the consequent"

Accepted Answer

A)  Is deductively valid. 
B)  Is a way of disconfirming a hypothesis. 
C)  May involve a true test implication. 
D)  Is the same as modus tollens. 
A)  Is deductively valid. 
B)  Is a way of disconfirming a hypothesis. 
C)  May involve a true test implication. 
D)  Is the same as modus tollens.

Question 9

If A is sufficient for B, then B is necessary for

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Confusing necessary and sufficient conditions is a common mistake in reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In the writings of scientists and philosophers, the world as understood by modern science is often described specifically as

Accepted Answer

A)  An empty world. 
B)  A disenchanted world. 
C)  A lost world. 
D)  An impersonal world. 
A)  An empty world. 
B)  A disenchanted world. 
C)  A lost world. 
D)  An impersonal world.

Question 12

The initial step in argument analysis is to

Accepted Answer

A)  Add unstated assumptions. 
B)  Evaluate the strength of the inference. 
C)  Identify the premises and conclusion. 
D)  Discard rhetorical fluff. 
A)  Add unstated assumptions. 
B)  Evaluate the strength of the inference. 
C)  Identify the premises and conclusion. 
D)  Discard rhetorical fluff.

Question 13

Give your own example of a revelatory definition and explain why it is correct.

Accepted Answer

A revelatory definition is a definition

Question 14

A metaphor can provide a revelatory definition.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

An argument in logic consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  Obviously true statements. 
B)  Controversial statements. 
C)  A collection of statements including one or more premises and a conclusion. 
D)  True statements. 
A)  Obviously true statements. 
B)  Controversial statements. 
C)  A collection of statements including one or more premises and a conclusion. 
D)  True statements.

Question 16

Before the Scientific Revolution, Europeans understood the world as

Accepted Answer

A)  Centered around human beings. 
B)  Only a few hundred human generations old. 
C)  Filled with meaning and purpose. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  Centered around human beings. 
B)  Only a few hundred human generations old. 
C)  Filled with meaning and purpose. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 17

If a college degree is a necessary condition to be hired for a certain job, then

Accepted Answer

A)  The degree cannot, logically, be a sufficient condition for being hired. 
B)  The degree must, logically, be a sufficient condition for being hired. 
C)  If you have the degree, you will definitely get the job. 
D)  If you don't have the degree, you definitely won't get the job. 
A)  The degree cannot, logically, be a sufficient condition for being hired. 
B)  The degree must, logically, be a sufficient condition for being hired. 
C)  If you have the degree, you will definitely get the job. 
D)  If you don't have the degree, you definitely won't get the job.

Question 18

Ambiguous words are at the heart of verbal disputes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

To confirm a hypothesis is

Accepted Answer

A)  To show that it is conclusively true. 
B)  To show that it is supported by the best available evidence. 
C)  To show that it is false. 
D)  To show that it is supported by the laws of logic. 
A)  To show that it is conclusively true. 
B)  To show that it is supported by the best available evidence. 
C)  To show that it is false. 
D)  To show that it is supported by the laws of logic.

Question 20

"You can't be a good athlete without studying ballet." Which of these would be the best way to prove that this statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Show an example of a good athlete who has studied ballet. 
B)  Show an example of a good athlete who has NOT studied ballet. 
C)  Show an example of a ballet student who is a good athlete. 
D)  Show an example of a ballet student who is NOT a good athlete. 
A)  Show an example of a good athlete who has studied ballet. 
B)  Show an example of a good athlete who has NOT studied ballet. 
C)  Show an example of a ballet student who is a good athlete. 
D)  Show an example of a ballet student who is NOT a good athlete.

According to Barker and Kitcher, antiscience attitudes began with emergence of evolutionary theory and quantum physics.

Claim: "Caring about students is a necessary condition for being a good teacher." Objection: "Lots of people care about students and still aren't good teachers." Does this objection show that the claim is wrong?

Hypotheses are self-evidently true.

An appeal to unsuitable authority is

Semmelweis was concerned that more instances of childbed fever occurred in the

If A is necessary for B, then B is sufficient for

A test implication

The mode of reasoning known as "affirming the consequent"

If A is sufficient for B, then B is necessary for

Confusing necessary and sufficient conditions is a common mistake in reasoning.

In the writings of scientists and philosophers, the world as understood by modern science is often described specifically as

The initial step in argument analysis is to

Give your own example of a revelatory definition and explain why it is correct.

A metaphor can provide a revelatory definition.

An argument in logic consists of

Before the Scientific Revolution, Europeans understood the world as

If a college degree is a necessary condition to be hired for a certain job, then

Ambiguous words are at the heart of verbal disputes.

To confirm a hypothesis is

"You can't be a good athlete without studying ballet." Which of these would be the best way to prove that this statement is false?

What Is Philosophy

Knowing Vs Thinking

Mind

Free Will

Identity

God

Moral Theory

Moral Problems

Society

Social Justice

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The Meaning of Life

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Exam 2: The Elements of Argument

According to Barker and Kitcher, antiscience attitudes began with emergence of evolutionary theory and quantum physics.

Claim: "Caring about students is a necessary condition for being a good teacher." Objection: "Lots of people care about students and still aren't good teachers." Does this objection show that the claim is wrong?

Hypotheses are self-evidently true.

An appeal to unsuitable authority is

Semmelweis was concerned that more instances of childbed fever occurred in the

If A is necessary for B, then B is sufficient for

A test implication

The mode of reasoning known as "affirming the consequent"

If A is sufficient for B, then B is necessary for

Confusing necessary and sufficient conditions is a common mistake in reasoning.

In the writings of scientists and philosophers, the world as understood by modern science is often described specifically as

The initial step in argument analysis is to

Give your own example of a revelatory definition and explain why it is correct.

A metaphor can provide a revelatory definition.

An argument in logic consists of

Before the Scientific Revolution, Europeans understood the world as

If a college degree is a necessary condition to be hired for a certain job, then

Ambiguous words are at the heart of verbal disputes.

To confirm a hypothesis is

"You can't be a good athlete without studying ballet." Which of these would be the best way to prove that this statement is false?

What Is Philosophy

Knowing Vs Thinking

Mind

Free Will

Identity

God

Moral Theory

Moral Problems

Society

Social Justice

Art

The Meaning of Life

Asian Outlooks

Filters