Question 1

Public opinion pollsters, in trying to assess attitudes about particular subjects, have become aware that attitude responses seem to be affected by all of the factors below except

Accepted Answer

A)  the context in which the question appears. 
B)  the wording of the question. 
C)  the order of the questions. 
D)  the length of the questionnaire. 
A)  the context in which the question appears. 
B)  the wording of the question. 
C)  the order of the questions. 
D)  the length of the questionnaire.

Question 2

Which of the following concerning the use of facial electromyography (EMG)to assess attitudes is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Facial EMG can detect muscular changes not observable to the naked eye. 
B)  Facial EMG does not provide information about the direction of attitudes. 
C)  One problem with using facial EMG is that the same pattern of activity could be interpreted as happiness or sadness. 
D)  Facial EMG is only an accurate measure of attitudes if people know their attitudes are being assessed, so it is susceptible to the same social desirability biases as self-reports. 
A)  Facial EMG can detect muscular changes not observable to the naked eye. 
B)  Facial EMG does not provide information about the direction of attitudes. 
C)  One problem with using facial EMG is that the same pattern of activity could be interpreted as happiness or sadness. 
D)  Facial EMG is only an accurate measure of attitudes if people know their attitudes are being assessed, so it is susceptible to the same social desirability biases as self-reports.

Question 3

Attitudes are best understood as

Accepted Answer

A)  being either entirely positive or entirely negative. 
B)  being initially positive but increasingly negative as new information arises. 
C)  varying in strength along both positive and negative dimensions. 
D)  ranging on a continuum from positive to negative. 
A)  being either entirely positive or entirely negative. 
B)  being initially positive but increasingly negative as new information arises. 
C)  varying in strength along both positive and negative dimensions. 
D)  ranging on a continuum from positive to negative.

Question 4

Implicit attitudes can be difficult to measure because

Accepted Answer

A)  people are not aware of having them. 
B)  physiological measures are not effective in assessing them. 
C)  they can only be measured by direct techniques. 
D)  they are prone to the effects of social desirability. 
A)  people are not aware of having them. 
B)  physiological measures are not effective in assessing them. 
C)  they can only be measured by direct techniques. 
D)  they are prone to the effects of social desirability.

Question 5

Sam hates Celine Dion with a passion.One day, he meets Celine at a party.She tries to win him over by giving him her new CD.In which of the following scenarios would Sam's attitudes toward Celine be most likely to change after hearing the CD, according to dissonance theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  She holds a gun to his head, forcing him to listen to it. 
B)  She offers him a coupon for 10 percent off his next dry cleaning order in exchange for listening to it. 
C)  He decides to read suggestive passages aloud from a romantic novel while listening to it. 
D)  She tells him to suppress his negative thoughts about her while he listens to it. 
A)  She holds a gun to his head, forcing him to listen to it. 
B)  She offers him a coupon for 10 percent off his next dry cleaning order in exchange for listening to it. 
C)  He decides to read suggestive passages aloud from a romantic novel while listening to it. 
D)  She tells him to suppress his negative thoughts about her while he listens to it.

Question 6

Harmon-Jones and others (1996)research in which participants drank Kool-Aid mixed with sugar versus vinegar showed that

Accepted Answer

A)  negative consequences are not essential to dissonance. 
B)  negative consequences are essential to dissonance. 
C)  attribution of arousal is essential to dissonance. 
D)  attribution of arousal is not essential to dissonance. 
A)  negative consequences are not essential to dissonance. 
B)  negative consequences are essential to dissonance. 
C)  attribution of arousal is essential to dissonance. 
D)  attribution of arousal is not essential to dissonance.

Question 7

Which factor has the biggest impact on whether or not there will be a primacy or recency effect in persuasion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Time 
B)  Source credibility 
C)  Source likeability 
D)  Number of sides presented 
A)  Time 
B)  Source credibility 
C)  Source likeability 
D)  Number of sides presented

Question 8

Josue listened to a speech on the radio advocating the increased use of automobiles that are not reliant on fossil fuels.One would expect the sleeper effect to be greatest if Josue found out about the background of the speaker _____ the speech and was asked about his views about the issue _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  before; that same day 
B)  after; that same day 
C)  before; a few weeks later 
D)  after; a few weeks later 
A)  before; that same day 
B)  after; that same day 
C)  before; a few weeks later 
D)  after; a few weeks later

Question 9

Social psychologists seek to understand

Accepted Answer

A)  whether persuasion is moral or not. 
B)  how and why persuasion occurs. 
C)  central route persuasion, but not peripheral. 
D)  peripheral route persuasion, but not central. 
A)  whether persuasion is moral or not. 
B)  how and why persuasion occurs. 
C)  central route persuasion, but not peripheral. 
D)  peripheral route persuasion, but not central.

Question 10

After giving the matter a great deal of thought, Iris declared chemistry rather than physics as her major.Having made this decision, she went out and had a good time with her classmates, who reminded her what a great friend she was.At that point, Iris was able to look at her choice and see both its pros and cons without glamorizing it.Her behavior can best be explained by the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  self-perception. 
B)  cognitive dissonance. 
C)  impression management. 
D)  self-affirmation. 
A)  self-perception. 
B)  cognitive dissonance. 
C)  impression management. 
D)  self-affirmation.

Question 11

Hoshino-Browne and colleagues' (2005)post-decision dissonance experiment found that Japanese participants

Accepted Answer

A)  felt no dissonance. 
B)  felt less dissonance than their Canadian counterparts. 
C)  felt more dissonance then their Canadian counterparts. 
D)  felt dissonance when making a decision for a friend rather than themselves 
A)  felt no dissonance. 
B)  felt less dissonance than their Canadian counterparts. 
C)  felt more dissonance then their Canadian counterparts. 
D)  felt dissonance when making a decision for a friend rather than themselves

Question 12

Leo has always believed strongly that fidelity in a marriage is very important.After he has an extramarital affair with Annette, he says to himself, "How could I stop myself? Annette was my soul mate.It had to be." Which dissonance-reducing technique is Leo using?

Accepted Answer

A)  Changing his attitude 
B)  Changing his perception of the behavior 
C)  Minimizing the importance of the conflict 
D)  Reducing perceived choice 
A)  Changing his attitude 
B)  Changing his perception of the behavior 
C)  Minimizing the importance of the conflict 
D)  Reducing perceived choice

Question 13

Markesha had made a chastity vow along with a lot of other girls in her church youth group.Her senior year, she and her boyfriend begin having sex, and Markesha becomes pregnant.Markesha doesn't really regret having sex with her boyfriend, but she is embarrassed that her friends will see her as a hypocrite.Markesha's experience fits best with which of the following theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-perception theory 
B)  Impression management theory 
C)  Self-esteem theories 
D)  Cognitive dissonance theory 
A)  Self-perception theory 
B)  Impression management theory 
C)  Self-esteem theories 
D)  Cognitive dissonance theory

Question 14

The main factor influencing source likeability is(are)

Accepted Answer

A)  similarity. 
B)  physical attractiveness. 
C)  similarity and physical attractiveness. 
D)  similarity, physical attractiveness, and proximity. 
A)  similarity. 
B)  physical attractiveness. 
C)  similarity and physical attractiveness. 
D)  similarity, physical attractiveness, and proximity.

Question 15

Research by Landau and colleagues (2004)in which participants were exposed to subliminal images of the 9/11 terrorist attacks and then asked questions about then-President George W.Bush leads to the conclusion that

Accepted Answer

A)  the fear of death leads people to choose the central route to persuasion. 
B)  reminders of mortality lead people to prefer one-sided messages to two-sided messages. 
C)  fear arousal can influence even attitudes as important as political opinions. 
D)  the higher the level of fear arousal in a persuasive communication, the stronger the agreement with it. 
A)  the fear of death leads people to choose the central route to persuasion. 
B)  reminders of mortality lead people to prefer one-sided messages to two-sided messages. 
C)  fear arousal can influence even attitudes as important as political opinions. 
D)  the higher the level of fear arousal in a persuasive communication, the stronger the agreement with it.

Question 16

Jaycie is extremely judgmental.She has strong opinions about politics, social issues, and moral concerns.Jaycie is high in the

Accepted Answer

A)  need for cognition. 
B)  need for evaluation. 
C)  evaluative conditioning. 
D)  cognitive dissonance. 
A)  need for cognition. 
B)  need for evaluation. 
C)  evaluative conditioning. 
D)  cognitive dissonance.

Question 17

Eric does not really know how to answer the essay question about cognitive dissonance on his social psychology exam.He decides to write as many facts as he knows about the topic of attitudes in his exam book, hoping that the professor will not read the exams too closely and will be impressed enough by the length of his essay to give him a good score.Eric is hoping to take advantage of

Accepted Answer

A)  the sleeper effect. 
B)  the peripheral route to persuasion. 
C)  the central route to persuasion. 
D)  dissonance-related insufficient justification. 
A)  the sleeper effect. 
B)  the peripheral route to persuasion. 
C)  the central route to persuasion. 
D)  dissonance-related insufficient justification.

Question 18

Michael believes that one's family is more important than one's career.In order for him to successfully convince his achievement-oriented friend Ronald that he should also possess such a value system, Michael should

Accepted Answer

A)  take the very discrepant position that careers never provide satisfaction anywhere close to what a family provides. 
B)  use peripheral cues. 
C)  present as many arguments for his position as possible. 
D)  suggest more of a balance between family and career concerns than is currently true for Ronald. 
A)  take the very discrepant position that careers never provide satisfaction anywhere close to what a family provides. 
B)  use peripheral cues. 
C)  present as many arguments for his position as possible. 
D)  suggest more of a balance between family and career concerns than is currently true for Ronald.

Question 19

Brady and Quinn are trying to develop an ad campaign in which a key element is the trustworthiness of the message's communicator.Toward this end, they may wish to utilize

Accepted Answer

A)  a public service message. 
B)  overheard communications. 
C)  novel advertising. 
D)  political campaigns. 
A)  a public service message. 
B)  overheard communications. 
C)  novel advertising. 
D)  political campaigns.

Question 20

Because communicator trustworthiness is important, people tend to be readily impressed by speakers who

Accepted Answer

A)  take popular stands. 
B)  argue against their own interests. 
C)  talk slowly and deliberately. 
D)  are well-dressed. 
A)  take popular stands. 
B)  argue against their own interests. 
C)  talk slowly and deliberately. 
D)  are well-dressed.

Public opinion pollsters, in trying to assess attitudes about particular subjects, have become aware that attitude responses seem to be affected by all of the factors below except

Which of the following concerning the use of facial electromyography (EMG)to assess attitudes is true?

Attitudes are best understood as

Implicit attitudes can be difficult to measure because

Sam hates Celine Dion with a passion.One day, he meets Celine at a party.She tries to win him over by giving him her new CD.In which of the following scenarios would Sam's attitudes toward Celine be most likely to change after hearing the CD, according to dissonance theory?

Harmon-Jones and others (1996)research in which participants drank Kool-Aid mixed with sugar versus vinegar showed that

Which factor has the biggest impact on whether or not there will be a primacy or recency effect in persuasion?

Josue listened to a speech on the radio advocating the increased use of automobiles that are not reliant on fossil fuels.One would expect the sleeper effect to be greatest if Josue found out about the background of the speaker _ the speech and was asked about his views about the issue _.

Social psychologists seek to understand

Hoshino-Browne and colleagues' (2005)post-decision dissonance experiment found that Japanese participants

Leo has always believed strongly that fidelity in a marriage is very important.After he has an extramarital affair with Annette, he says to himself, "How could I stop myself? Annette was my soul mate.It had to be." Which dissonance-reducing technique is Leo using?

The main factor influencing source likeability is(are)

Research by Landau and colleagues (2004)in which participants were exposed to subliminal images of the 9/11 terrorist attacks and then asked questions about then-President George W.Bush leads to the conclusion that

Jaycie is extremely judgmental.She has strong opinions about politics, social issues, and moral concerns.Jaycie is high in the

Michael believes that one's family is more important than one's career.In order for him to successfully convince his achievement-oriented friend Ronald that he should also possess such a value system, Michael should

Brady and Quinn are trying to develop an ad campaign in which a key element is the trustworthiness of the message's communicator.Toward this end, they may wish to utilize

Because communicator trustworthiness is important, people tend to be readily impressed by speakers who

What is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Business

Health and Well being

Filters

Exam 6: Attitudes

Public opinion pollsters, in trying to assess attitudes about particular subjects, have become aware that attitude responses seem to be affected by all of the factors below except

Which of the following concerning the use of facial electromyography (EMG)to assess attitudes is true?

Attitudes are best understood as

Implicit attitudes can be difficult to measure because

Sam hates Celine Dion with a passion.One day, he meets Celine at a party.She tries to win him over by giving him her new CD.In which of the following scenarios would Sam's attitudes toward Celine be most likely to change after hearing the CD, according to dissonance theory?

Harmon-Jones and others (1996)research in which participants drank Kool-Aid mixed with sugar versus vinegar showed that

Which factor has the biggest impact on whether or not there will be a primacy or recency effect in persuasion?

Josue listened to a speech on the radio advocating the increased use of automobiles that are not reliant on fossil fuels.One would expect the sleeper effect to be greatest if Josue found out about the background of the speaker _____ the speech and was asked about his views about the issue _____.

Social psychologists seek to understand

Hoshino-Browne and colleagues' (2005)post-decision dissonance experiment found that Japanese participants

Leo has always believed strongly that fidelity in a marriage is very important.After he has an extramarital affair with Annette, he says to himself, "How could I stop myself? Annette was my soul mate.It had to be." Which dissonance-reducing technique is Leo using?

The main factor influencing source likeability is(are)

Research by Landau and colleagues (2004)in which participants were exposed to subliminal images of the 9/11 terrorist attacks and then asked questions about then-President George W.Bush leads to the conclusion that

Jaycie is extremely judgmental.She has strong opinions about politics, social issues, and moral concerns.Jaycie is high in the

Michael believes that one's family is more important than one's career.In order for him to successfully convince his achievement-oriented friend Ronald that he should also possess such a value system, Michael should

Brady and Quinn are trying to develop an ad campaign in which a key element is the trustworthiness of the message's communicator.Toward this end, they may wish to utilize

Because communicator trustworthiness is important, people tend to be readily impressed by speakers who

What is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Business

Health and Well being

Filters

Josue listened to a speech on the radio advocating the increased use of automobiles that are not reliant on fossil fuels.One would expect the sleeper effect to be greatest if Josue found out about the background of the speaker _ the speech and was asked about his views about the issue _.