Question 1

The cosmic microwave background radiation was emitted during a time when ____ was the important process in the Universe.

Accepted Answer

A)  recombination 
B)  ionization 
C)  fusion 
D)  antiproton production 
E)  positron production 
A)  recombination 
B)  ionization 
C)  fusion 
D)  antiproton production 
E)  positron production

Question 2

Dark matter ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is homogenously distributed through the Universe 
B)  began clumping due to tiny variations in density at the moment of the big bang 
C)  began clumping due to large variations in the distribution of matter and antimatter 
D)  is isotropically distributed through the Universe 
E)  began clumping due to the variations in the distribution of baryonic matter 
A)  is homogenously distributed through the Universe 
B)  began clumping due to tiny variations in density at the moment of the big bang 
C)  began clumping due to large variations in the distribution of matter and antimatter 
D)  is isotropically distributed through the Universe 
E)  began clumping due to the variations in the distribution of baryonic matter

Question 3

The proper interpretation of the Hubble law (which relates the redshift of a galaxy to its distance) is that as time goes on, galaxies are____.

Accepted Answer

A)  staying relatively still in space while the space between the galaxies contracts 
B)  moving away from a common center in space that is neither expanding nor contracting 
C)  staying relatively still in space while the space between the galaxies expands 
D)  moving away from a common center while the space between the galaxies expands 
E)  moving toward a common center in space that is neither expanding nor contracting 
A)  staying relatively still in space while the space between the galaxies contracts 
B)  moving away from a common center in space that is neither expanding nor contracting 
C)  staying relatively still in space while the space between the galaxies expands 
D)  moving away from a common center while the space between the galaxies expands 
E)  moving toward a common center in space that is neither expanding nor contracting

Question 4

Clusters of galaxies are distributed in space ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  homogenously 
B)  isotropically 
C)  in long, narrow filaments surrounding empty voids 
D)  statically 
E)  in bubbles surrounded by empty walls 
A)  homogenously 
B)  isotropically 
C)  in long, narrow filaments surrounding empty voids 
D)  statically 
E)  in bubbles surrounded by empty walls

Question 5

The main criterion for deciding between Universe geometries is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  density 
B)  mass 
C)  temperature 
D)  age 
E)  inflation 
A)  density 
B)  mass 
C)  temperature 
D)  age 
E)  inflation

Question 6

The fact that the properties of the Universe are close to the dividing line between open and closed Universes refers to the _______________ problem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fact that the properties of the...

Question 7

The decoupling of the strong force from the electroweak force provided energy for a rapid inflation of the Universe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The expansion of the Universe is accelerating.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson are famous for____.

Accepted Answer

A)  creating the first microwave telescope 
B)  finding the direction of the center of the Universe 
C)  detecting energy released in the splitting of the electroweak force 
D)  detecting the large redshift background radiation from the big bang 
E)  measuring the temperature of the big bang 
A)  creating the first microwave telescope 
B)  finding the direction of the center of the Universe 
C)  detecting energy released in the splitting of the electroweak force 
D)  detecting the large redshift background radiation from the big bang 
E)  measuring the temperature of the big bang

Question 10

The _______________ universe hypothesis predicts a sudden, temporary episode of rapid, enormous expansion of the early Universe.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______________ universe hypothesis predicts a sudden,...

Question 11

If the dark energy is described by the cosmological constant, then the _____ Universe is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  open; accelerating and will not expand forever 
B)  flat; decelerating and will expand forever 
C)  closed; accelerating and will expand forever 
D)  open;, decelerating and will expand forever 
E)  flat; accelerating and will expand forever 
A)  open; accelerating and will not expand forever 
B)  flat; decelerating and will expand forever 
C)  closed; accelerating and will expand forever 
D)  open;, decelerating and will expand forever 
E)  flat; accelerating and will expand forever

Question 12

The gas created by the big bang was so hot that it was completely _______________ until the Universe was no longer radiation-dominated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The gas created by the big bang...

Question 13

Penzias and Wilson detected microwave radiation because the big bang created ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  shorter wavelength energy that has been redshifted by expansion 
B)  longer wavelength energy that has been redshifted by expansion 
C)  microwave radiation that has not been affected by expansion 
D)  shorter wavelength energy that has been blueshifted by expansion 
E)  longer wavelength energy that has been blueshifted by expansion 
A)  shorter wavelength energy that has been redshifted by expansion 
B)  longer wavelength energy that has been redshifted by expansion 
C)  microwave radiation that has not been affected by expansion 
D)  shorter wavelength energy that has been blueshifted by expansion 
E)  longer wavelength energy that has been blueshifted by expansion

Question 14

The proper interpretation of a what a galaxy's redshift measures is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  its motion in space toward the observer 
B)  its motion in space away from the big bang 
C)  the stretching of space between the galaxy and the observer 
D)  the contraction of space between the galaxy and the observer 
E)  the stretching of space between the galaxy and the big bang 
A)  its motion in space toward the observer 
B)  its motion in space away from the big bang 
C)  the stretching of space between the galaxy and the observer 
D)  the contraction of space between the galaxy and the observer 
E)  the stretching of space between the galaxy and the big bang

Question 15

The Universe is _______________ because it looks the same in any direction you observe it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Universe is _______________ because it looks...

Question 16

All dark matter in our Universe falls into the category of "hot dark matter".

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

When an astronomer measures the redshift to a distant galaxy, exactly what physical process is being measured?

Accepted Answer

Galaxies are being separated from each o

Question 18

The fact that the cosmic microwave background radiation has almost exactly the same temperature in every direction is referred to as the _______________ problem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fact that the cosmic microwave background...

Question 19

The separation of the strong force and the electroweak force ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  provided the energy for a rapid inflation of the early Universe 
B)  created the cosmic microwave background radiation 
C)  balanced the critical density of the Universe to solve the flatness problem 
D)  created dark matter 
E)  created dark energy 
A)  provided the energy for a rapid inflation of the early Universe 
B)  created the cosmic microwave background radiation 
C)  balanced the critical density of the Universe to solve the flatness problem 
D)  created dark matter 
E)  created dark energy

Question 20

Einstein's theory of mass-energy equivalence shows that high-energy photons can convert into matter and _______________.

Accepted Answer

antimatter

Exam 18: Modern Cosmology

The cosmic microwave background radiation was emitted during a time when ____ was the important process in the Universe.

Dark matter ____.

The proper interpretation of the Hubble law (which relates the redshift of a galaxy to its distance) is that as time goes on, galaxies are____.

Clusters of galaxies are distributed in space ____.

The main criterion for deciding between Universe geometries is ____.

The fact that the properties of the Universe are close to the dividing line between open and closed Universes refers to the _______________ problem.

The decoupling of the strong force from the electroweak force provided energy for a rapid inflation of the Universe.

The expansion of the Universe is accelerating.

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson are famous for____.

The _______________ universe hypothesis predicts a sudden, temporary episode of rapid, enormous expansion of the early Universe.

If the dark energy is described by the cosmological constant, then the _____ Universe is ____.

The gas created by the big bang was so hot that it was completely _______________ until the Universe was no longer radiation-dominated.

Penzias and Wilson detected microwave radiation because the big bang created ____.

The proper interpretation of a what a galaxy's redshift measures is ____.

The Universe is _______________ because it looks the same in any direction you observe it.

All dark matter in our Universe falls into the category of "hot dark matter".

When an astronomer measures the redshift to a distant galaxy, exactly what physical process is being measured?

The fact that the cosmic microwave background radiation has almost exactly the same temperature in every direction is referred to as the _______________ problem.

The separation of the strong force and the electroweak force ____.

Einstein's theory of mass-energy equivalence shows that high-energy photons can convert into matter and _______________.

Here and Now

A Users Guide to the Sky

Moon Phases and Eclipses

Origins of Modern Astronomy

Gravity

Light and Telescopes

Atoms and Spectra

The Sun

The Family of Stars

The Interstellar Medium

Formation and Structure of Stars

Stellar Evolution

Deaths of Stars

Neutron Stars and Black Holes

The Milky Way Galaxy

Galaxies

Supermassive Black Holes and Active Galaxies

Origin of the Solar System and Extrasolar Planets

Earth the Active Planet

The Moon and Mercury

Venus and Mars

Jupiter and Saturn

Uranus Neptune Pluto and the Kuiper Belt

Meteorites Asteroids and Comets

Astrobiology

Filters

If the dark energy is described by the cosmological constant, then the _ Universe is .