Question 1

The cosmological redshifts of galaxies are Doppler shifts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Olber's paradox is explained by the fact that the Universe is neither static nor infinite in age.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The cosmic microwave background radiation comes from the time when neutral hydrogen atoms formed in the process of _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cosmic microwave background radiation comes from...

Question 4

Figure 18-12 (for the following questions)
One year after the big bang, the temperature of the Universe was approximately____ degrees Kelvin.

Accepted Answer

A)  $10 ^ { 10 }$ 
B)  $10 ^ { 8 }$ 
C)  $10 ^ { 6 }$ 
D)  $10 ^ { 5 }$ 
E)  $10 ^ { 4 }$ 
A)  $10 ^ { 10 }$ 
B)  $10 ^ { 8 }$ 
C)  $10 ^ { 6 }$ 
D)  $10 ^ { 5 }$ 
E)  $10 ^ { 4 }$

Question 5

Scientists who study the Universe as a whole are called _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scientists who study the Universe as a...

Question 6

How did dark matter behave differently from normal matter during the early stages of the big bang, and how is this important for the formation of stars and galaxies?

Accepted Answer

As long as radiation dominated the early

Question 7

The observed distribution of matter in the Universe is best understood as being caused by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  clumping of dark matter in the early Universe causing clumping of normal matter 
B)  clumping of normal matter in the early Universe causing clumping of dark matter 
C)  simultaneous clumping of normal and dark matter 
D)  large variations in the intensity of the cosmic microwave background 
E)  homogenous expansion of normal and dark matter 
A)  clumping of dark matter in the early Universe causing clumping of normal matter 
B)  clumping of normal matter in the early Universe causing clumping of dark matter 
C)  simultaneous clumping of normal and dark matter 
D)  large variations in the intensity of the cosmic microwave background 
E)  homogenous expansion of normal and dark matter

Question 8

Figure 18-12 (for the following questions)
The re-ionization of the Universe occurredclosest to ____ degrees Kelvin.

Accepted Answer

A)  tens of thousands of 
B)  thousands of 
C)  hundreds of 
D)  tens of 
E)  less than ten 
A)  tens of thousands of 
B)  thousands of 
C)  hundreds of 
D)  tens of 
E)  less than ten

Question 9

After nuclear reactions in the big bang had ended, about 25% of the mass of the Universe was in the form of helium nuclei.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In the early universe, the electromagnetic and strong nuclear forces were joined together to make the electrostrong force.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The big bang happened everywhere in the Universe at the same time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The "big bang" was an explosion of material that created galaxies flying away from the center of the explosion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The density of the Universe comes from baryonic matter, non-baryonic dark matter, and dark energy. What percentage of the density of the Universe do each of the three represent?

Accepted Answer

The density of the Universe co

Question 14

The cosmological principle states that any observer in any galaxy sees the same general properties for the Universe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The big bang only created hydrogen and helium (with miniscule amounts of lithium) because____.

Accepted Answer

A)  gamma ray photons disrupt large nuclei more easily 
B)  antimatter is attracted to large nuclei, leaving only light nuclei 
C)  heavier elements can only be formed through fusion 
D)  elements with an atomic weight of 5 or 8 are unstable 
E)  temperatures were high enough to fuse hydrogen, but not helium 
A)  gamma ray photons disrupt large nuclei more easily 
B)  antimatter is attracted to large nuclei, leaving only light nuclei 
C)  heavier elements can only be formed through fusion 
D)  elements with an atomic weight of 5 or 8 are unstable 
E)  temperatures were high enough to fuse hydrogen, but not helium

Question 16

Figure 18-12 (for the following questions)
The change from a radiation-dominated to a matter-dominated Universe occurred at a temperature closest to ____ of degrees Kelvin.

Accepted Answer

A)  millions 
B)  hundreds of thousands 
C)  tens of thousands 
D)  thousands 
E)  hundreds 
A)  millions 
B)  hundreds of thousands 
C)  tens of thousands 
D)  thousands 
E)  hundreds

Question 17

Modern observations have shown that the geometry of the Universe is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  flat, and the Universe must be infinite 
B)  flat, and the Universe must not be infinite 
C)  open, and the Universe must be infinite 
D)  closed, and the Universe must be infinite 
E)  closed, and the Universe must not be infinite 
A)  flat, and the Universe must be infinite 
B)  flat, and the Universe must not be infinite 
C)  open, and the Universe must be infinite 
D)  closed, and the Universe must be infinite 
E)  closed, and the Universe must not be infinite

Question 18

Figure 18-12 (for the following questions)
The Universe had a temperature of a few hundred million degrees K at approximately ____ after the big bang.

Accepted Answer

A)  one second 
B)  one minute 
C)  one hour 
D)  one day 
E)  one year 
A)  one second 
B)  one minute 
C)  one hour 
D)  one day 
E)  one year

Question 19

The Universe is isotropic, but not homogenous.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

During one phase of the big bang, gamma ray photons were creating electrons and positrons (anti-electrons). At this time, the Universe also contained ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  protons and antiprotons 
B)  protons and neutrons 
C)  neutrons only 
D)  no other matter or antimatter 
E)  neutral atoms 
A)  protons and antiprotons 
B)  protons and neutrons 
C)  neutrons only 
D)  no other matter or antimatter 
E)  neutral atoms

Exam 18: Modern Cosmology

The cosmological redshifts of galaxies are Doppler shifts.

Olber's paradox is explained by the fact that the Universe is neither static nor infinite in age.

The cosmic microwave background radiation comes from the time when neutral hydrogen atoms formed in the process of _______________.

Figure 18-12 (for the following questions) One year after the big bang, the temperature of the Universe was approximately____ degrees Kelvin.

Scientists who study the Universe as a whole are called _______________.

How did dark matter behave differently from normal matter during the early stages of the big bang, and how is this important for the formation of stars and galaxies?

The observed distribution of matter in the Universe is best understood as being caused by ____.

Figure 18-12 (for the following questions) The re-ionization of the Universe occurredclosest to ____ degrees Kelvin.

After nuclear reactions in the big bang had ended, about 25% of the mass of the Universe was in the form of helium nuclei.

In the early universe, the electromagnetic and strong nuclear forces were joined together to make the electrostrong force.

The big bang happened everywhere in the Universe at the same time.

The "big bang" was an explosion of material that created galaxies flying away from the center of the explosion.

The density of the Universe comes from baryonic matter, non-baryonic dark matter, and dark energy. What percentage of the density of the Universe do each of the three represent?

The cosmological principle states that any observer in any galaxy sees the same general properties for the Universe.

The big bang only created hydrogen and helium (with miniscule amounts of lithium) because____.

Figure 18-12 (for the following questions) The change from a radiation-dominated to a matter-dominated Universe occurred at a temperature closest to ____ of degrees Kelvin.

Modern observations have shown that the geometry of the Universe is ____.

Figure 18-12 (for the following questions) The Universe had a temperature of a few hundred million degrees K at approximately ____ after the big bang.

The Universe is isotropic, but not homogenous.

During one phase of the big bang, gamma ray photons were creating electrons and positrons (anti-electrons). At this time, the Universe also contained ____.

Here and Now

A Users Guide to the Sky

Moon Phases and Eclipses

Origins of Modern Astronomy

Gravity

Light and Telescopes

Atoms and Spectra

The Sun

The Family of Stars

The Interstellar Medium

Formation and Structure of Stars

Stellar Evolution

Deaths of Stars

Neutron Stars and Black Holes

The Milky Way Galaxy

Galaxies

Supermassive Black Holes and Active Galaxies

Origin of the Solar System and Extrasolar Planets

Earth the Active Planet

The Moon and Mercury

Venus and Mars

Jupiter and Saturn

Uranus Neptune Pluto and the Kuiper Belt

Meteorites Asteroids and Comets

Astrobiology

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