Question 1

Early astronomers believed that Earth did not move because they saw no ____, the apparent motion of an object because of the motion of the observer.

Accepted Answer

A)  uniform circular motion 
B)  archeoastronomy 
C)  heliocentrism 
D)  eccentricity 
E)  parallax 
A)  uniform circular motion 
B)  archeoastronomy 
C)  heliocentrism 
D)  eccentricity 
E)  parallax E

Question 2

Ptolemy tried to describe the motion of the planets by devising a small circle, called a(n) ____, which rotated around the edge of a larger circle.

Accepted Answer

A)  epicycle 
B)  foci 
C)  deferent 
D)  equant 
E)  sphere 
A)  epicycle 
B)  foci 
C)  deferent 
D)  equant 
E)  sphere A

Question 3

Pythagoras proposed that all nature was underlain by musical principles, by which he meant _______________.

Accepted Answer

mathematics

Question 4

Match between columns
                        Premises: Developed a heliocentric Universe model with retrograde planetary motion
Determined that the orbits of the planets around the sun are ellipses with the sun at one focus
Believed that the Universe was divided into two parts: Earth, imperfect and changeable; and the heavens, perfect and unchanging, a geocentric model used for over 2000 years
Calculated Earth's radius by utilizing the position of the sun in Alexandria and Syrene and the distance between the two cities
Explained planetary motion by describing epicycles, deferents and equants
Discovered four moons circling Jupiter
Developed an astronomical model that contained 55 spheres turning at different rates and at different angles to carry the seven known planets across the sky
Proved Ptolemaic theory was invalid because he found no parallax with the discovery of a new star
Reported that the Milky Way was made up of many stars too faint to see with the naked eye.
Believed Earth moved around a central fire
Believed that the heavens are perfect and must be made up of perfect spheres rotating at constant rates and carrying objects in a circle
Believed the sizes of the celestial spheres carrying the outer three planets are determined by spacers consisting of two of the five regular solids

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Galileo and Tycho and Eratosthenes and Plato is...

Question 5

A well-known structure located in Britain and investigated by archeoastronomist is called _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A well-known structure located in Britain and...

Question 6

Kepler's first law of planetary motion states "The orbits of the planets are _____ with the Sun at one focus."

Accepted Answer

A)  spheres 
B)  ellipses 
C)  circular 
D)  rigid 
E)  random 
A)  spheres 
B)  ellipses 
C)  circular 
D)  rigid 
E)  random

Question 7

In 1632, which book did the Inquisition order sales to be stopped?

Accepted Answer

A)  De Revolutionibus 
B)  Stederreus Nunctus 
C)  Dialogo 
D)  De Stella Nova 
E)  Astronomia Nova 
A)  De Revolutionibus 
B)  Stederreus Nunctus 
C)  Dialogo 
D)  De Stella Nova 
E)  Astronomia Nova

Question 8

In the Copernican system, Earth moves _______________ along its orbit than the planets that lie farther from the Sun.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the Copernican system, Earth moves _______________...

Question 9

Which publication was Kepler's masterpiece, providing strong evidence to planetary motion and a heliocentric Universe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alfonsine Tables 
B)  De Revolutionibus 
C)  Rudolphine Tables 
D)  The Prutenic Tables 
E)  Sidereus Nuncius 
A)  Alfonsine Tables 
B)  De Revolutionibus 
C)  Rudolphine Tables 
D)  The Prutenic Tables 
E)  Sidereus Nuncius

Question 10

Explain the geometry of an ellipse, which Kepler used to describe a planet's orbits.

Accepted Answer

The semimajor axis, a , is half of the l

Question 11

Kepler originally proposed that the planets were spaced apart by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  five spheres 
B)  five regular solids 
C)  six tetrahedrons 
D)  five epicycles 
E)  six regular solids 
A)  five spheres 
B)  five regular solids 
C)  six tetrahedrons 
D)  five epicycles 
E)  six regular solids

Question 12

What did most Greek philosophers accept as a first principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Earth was the unmoving center of the Universe. 
B)  The heavens are imperfect. 
C)  The tetrahedron is the perfect geometric form. 
D)  There are only six planets in the Universe. 
E)  Earth travels on an elliptical orbit. 
A)  Earth was the unmoving center of the Universe. 
B)  The heavens are imperfect. 
C)  The tetrahedron is the perfect geometric form. 
D)  There are only six planets in the Universe. 
E)  Earth travels on an elliptical orbit.

Question 13

What are Kepler's three laws of planetary motion?

Accepted Answer

I. The orbits of the planets are ellipse

Question 14

Kepler discovered that planets do not move at uniform speeds along their elliptical orbits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Explain why it is a common misconception that Galileo faced the Inquisition for his belief in a heliocentric Universe.

Accepted Answer

It is assumed that Galileo faced the Inq

Question 16

According to Kepler's third law, calculate the orbital period of a planet approximately 6.0 AU away from the Sun.

Accepted Answer

A)  ˜ 6 years 
B)  ˜ 15 years 
C)  ˜ 30 years 
D)  ˜ 36 years 
E)  ˜ 214 years 
A)  ˜ 6 years 
B)  ˜ 15 years 
C)  ˜ 30 years 
D)  ˜ 36 years 
E)  ˜ 214 years

Question 17

What were the three discoveries Galileo made with his telescope observations and quickly published into Sidereus Nuncius ?

Accepted Answer

First, the moon was not perfect. It had

Question 18

What did the Greek philosopher Philolaus believe about the Universe?

Accepted Answer

A)  No parallax seen of new stars means Earth is the center of the Universe. 
B)  Perfect heavens must be made of up spheres rotating at constant rates. 
C)  The most perfect geometrical form was the sphere. 
D)  The heavens are perfect and Earth is imperfect. 
E)  Earth moved around a central fire. 
A)  No parallax seen of new stars means Earth is the center of the Universe. 
B)  Perfect heavens must be made of up spheres rotating at constant rates. 
C)  The most perfect geometrical form was the sphere. 
D)  The heavens are perfect and Earth is imperfect. 
E)  Earth moved around a central fire.

Question 19

Pythagoras believed that the underlying rules to understanding the Universe were mathematical.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Kepler's second law of planetary motion states "A line from a planet to the Sun sweeps over equal areas in equal intervals of ____."

Accepted Answer

A)  time 
B)  space 
C)  arcs 
D)  ellipses 
E)  spheres 
A)  time 
B)  space 
C)  arcs 
D)  ellipses 
E)  spheres

Exam 4: Origins of Modern Astronomy

Early astronomers believed that Earth did not move because they saw no ____, the apparent motion of an object because of the motion of the observer.

Ptolemy tried to describe the motion of the planets by devising a small circle, called a(n) ____, which rotated around the edge of a larger circle.

Pythagoras proposed that all nature was underlain by musical principles, by which he meant _______________.

A well-known structure located in Britain and investigated by archeoastronomist is called _______________.

Kepler's first law of planetary motion states "The orbits of the planets are _____ with the Sun at one focus."

In 1632, which book did the Inquisition order sales to be stopped?

In the Copernican system, Earth moves _______________ along its orbit than the planets that lie farther from the Sun.

Which publication was Kepler's masterpiece, providing strong evidence to planetary motion and a heliocentric Universe?

Explain the geometry of an ellipse, which Kepler used to describe a planet's orbits.

Kepler originally proposed that the planets were spaced apart by ____.

What did most Greek philosophers accept as a first principle?

What are Kepler's three laws of planetary motion?

Kepler discovered that planets do not move at uniform speeds along their elliptical orbits.

Explain why it is a common misconception that Galileo faced the Inquisition for his belief in a heliocentric Universe.

According to Kepler's third law, calculate the orbital period of a planet approximately 6.0 AU away from the Sun.

What were the three discoveries Galileo made with his telescope observations and quickly published into Sidereus Nuncius ?

What did the Greek philosopher Philolaus believe about the Universe?

Pythagoras believed that the underlying rules to understanding the Universe were mathematical.

Kepler's second law of planetary motion states "A line from a planet to the Sun sweeps over equal areas in equal intervals of ____."

Here and Now

A Users Guide to the Sky

Moon Phases and Eclipses

Gravity

Light and Telescopes

Atoms and Spectra

The Sun

The Family of Stars

The Interstellar Medium

Formation and Structure of Stars

Stellar Evolution

Deaths of Stars

Neutron Stars and Black Holes

The Milky Way Galaxy

Galaxies

Supermassive Black Holes and Active Galaxies

Modern Cosmology

Origin of the Solar System and Extrasolar Planets

Earth the Active Planet

The Moon and Mercury

Venus and Mars

Jupiter and Saturn

Uranus Neptune Pluto and the Kuiper Belt

Meteorites Asteroids and Comets

Astrobiology

Filters