Question 1

Normal matter is baryonic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The acceleration of the Universe depends on the effect of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  baryonic matter being greater than the effects of dark matter and dark energy 
B)  baryonic matter and dark energy being greater than the effect of dark matter. 
C)  dark matter and dark energy being greater than the effect of baryonic matter. 
D)  baryonic matter and dark matter being greater than the effect of dark energy. 
E)  dark matter being greater than the effect of dark energy. 
A)  baryonic matter being greater than the effects of dark matter and dark energy 
B)  baryonic matter and dark energy being greater than the effect of dark matter. 
C)  dark matter and dark energy being greater than the effect of baryonic matter. 
D)  baryonic matter and dark matter being greater than the effect of dark energy. 
E)  dark matter being greater than the effect of dark energy. D

Question 3

The microwave emission detected by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson fits a blackbody spectrum with a temperature of about ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  0 K 
B)  273 K 
C)  27 K 
D)  7.2 K 
E)  2.7 K 
A)  0 K 
B)  273 K 
C)  27 K 
D)  7.2 K 
E)  2.7 K E

Question 4

The Hubble time is____.

Accepted Answer

A)  an estimate of the age of the Universe 
B)  the time needed for a galaxy to travel 1 Mpc 
C)  not connected to Hubble law of galactic redshifts 
D)  the time for light to cross the Universe 
E)  the time needed for galaxies to form 
A)  an estimate of the age of the Universe 
B)  the time needed for a galaxy to travel 1 Mpc 
C)  not connected to Hubble law of galactic redshifts 
D)  the time for light to cross the Universe 
E)  the time needed for galaxies to form

Question 5

Olber's paradox states that the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Universe must have a center, but not an edge 
B)  sky should be as bright as the surface of a star in all directions 
C)  Universe should have an edge, but not a center 
D)  Earth should be at the farthest point in the Universe from the big bang. 
E)  Universe is not infinite, but cannot have an edge or center 
A)  Universe must have a center, but not an edge 
B)  sky should be as bright as the surface of a star in all directions 
C)  Universe should have an edge, but not a center 
D)  Earth should be at the farthest point in the Universe from the big bang. 
E)  Universe is not infinite, but cannot have an edge or center

Question 6

The expansion of the Universe ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  was faster in the early Universe when galaxies were close to each other, and has decelerated thereafter 
B)  was slower in the early Universe when galaxies were close to each other, and has accelerated thereafter 
C)  has been constant throughout the lifetime of the Universe 
D)  steadily accelerated from the big bang to the present day 
E)  steadily decelerated from the big bang to the present day 
A)  was faster in the early Universe when galaxies were close to each other, and has decelerated thereafter 
B)  was slower in the early Universe when galaxies were close to each other, and has accelerated thereafter 
C)  has been constant throughout the lifetime of the Universe 
D)  steadily accelerated from the big bang to the present day 
E)  steadily decelerated from the big bang to the present day

Question 7

What three main observed phenomena are the strongest support for the "big bang" theory?

Accepted Answer

The Hubble law demonstrates that the Uni

Question 8

The four fundamental forces in the Universe are the ___ forces.

Accepted Answer

A)  strong, weak, electrical, and magnetic 
B)  electromagnetic, gravitational, nuclear, and weak 
C)  electromagnetic, gravitational, strong, and weak 
D)  magnetic, electroweak, gravitational, and strong 
E)  electromagnetic, unified, strong, and weak 
A)  strong, weak, electrical, and magnetic 
B)  electromagnetic, gravitational, nuclear, and weak 
C)  electromagnetic, gravitational, strong, and weak 
D)  magnetic, electroweak, gravitational, and strong 
E)  electromagnetic, unified, strong, and weak

Question 9

Dark energy is the term used to describe ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the pressure inflating "voids" in the distribution of galaxies 
B)  radiation from antimatter and non-baryonic matter 
C)  a component of the cosmic microwave background radiation 
D)  an effect that works with gravity to decelerate the expansion of the Universe 
E)  an effect that works against gravity to accelerate the expansion of the Universe 
A)  the pressure inflating "voids" in the distribution of galaxies 
B)  radiation from antimatter and non-baryonic matter 
C)  a component of the cosmic microwave background radiation 
D)  an effect that works with gravity to decelerate the expansion of the Universe 
E)  an effect that works against gravity to accelerate the expansion of the Universe

Question 10

The evolution of the distribution of dark and normal matter were____.

Accepted Answer

A)  both controlled by large differences in the cosmic microwave background radiation 
B)  different because dark matter does not interact with electromagnetic forces 
C)  different because dark matter does not interact with gravitational forces 
D)  different because dark matter does not interact with weak nuclear forces 
E)  different because dark matter does not interact with strong nuclear forces 
A)  both controlled by large differences in the cosmic microwave background radiation 
B)  different because dark matter does not interact with electromagnetic forces 
C)  different because dark matter does not interact with gravitational forces 
D)  different because dark matter does not interact with weak nuclear forces 
E)  different because dark matter does not interact with strong nuclear forces

Question 11

What are the four fundamental forces in the Universe and how did they affect the first steps of the big bang and the inflation of the Universe?

Accepted Answer

The four fundamental forces in the Unive

Question 12

When matter and antimatter particles combine, the two particles annihilate each other and convert their mass into energy in the form of two gamma rays.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The heaviest element created in the big bang, in tiny amounts, is _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The heaviest element created in the big...

Question 14

Einstein's mass-energy equivalence () is important to the first phases of the big bang in explaining how____.

Accepted Answer

A)  gamma ray photons create matter and antimatter 
B)  stable protons and neutrons can exist below a certain temperature 
C)  antimatter can exist 
D)  matter became more prevalent than antimatter 
E)  the Universe expanded rapidly 
A)  gamma ray photons create matter and antimatter 
B)  stable protons and neutrons can exist below a certain temperature 
C)  antimatter can exist 
D)  matter became more prevalent than antimatter 
E)  the Universe expanded rapidly

Question 15

Hot gas created during the big bang should be detectable becausethe ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  gas has traveled with galaxies as they formed and is spread through the Universe of the present day 
B)  big bang occurred everywhere at once, and should be visible in any direction at long look-back times 
C)  big bang occurred in a certain location, and the radiation from the gas is concentrated there 
D)  gas has travelled to the edges of the Universe and will be visible at negative redshifts 
E)  radiation emitted by the gas has travelled at the same speed as the expanding Universe and is visible all around us 
A)  gas has traveled with galaxies as they formed and is spread through the Universe of the present day 
B)  big bang occurred everywhere at once, and should be visible in any direction at long look-back times 
C)  big bang occurred in a certain location, and the radiation from the gas is concentrated there 
D)  gas has travelled to the edges of the Universe and will be visible at negative redshifts 
E)  radiation emitted by the gas has travelled at the same speed as the expanding Universe and is visible all around us

Question 16

Tiny amounts of lithium and beryllium were formed in the big bang.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which statement about the behavior of Universe geometries is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Closed and open universes expand forever. 
B)  Closed universes expand and then contract. 
C)  Only flat universes expand forever. 
D)  Flat and open universes expand and then contract. 
E)  Only flat universes expand and then contract. 
A)  Closed and open universes expand forever. 
B)  Closed universes expand and then contract. 
C)  Only flat universes expand forever. 
D)  Flat and open universes expand and then contract. 
E)  Only flat universes expand and then contract.

Question 18

The radiation detected by Penzias and Wilson is sometime referred to as CMBR, which stands for   _______________ radiation.

Accepted Answer

cosmic mic

Question 19

Why do astronomers conclude that the Universe is filled with dark energy? Discuss two of the primary reasons.

Accepted Answer

A series of observations of different pr

Question 20

The recombination era of the big bang was very important in several ways. Explain what happened during this time and what observable effects of the era existed.

Accepted Answer

Originally, the Universe was so hot that

Exam 18: Modern Cosmology

Normal matter is baryonic.

The acceleration of the Universe depends on the effect of ____.

The microwave emission detected by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson fits a blackbody spectrum with a temperature of about ____.

The Hubble time is____.

Olber's paradox states that the ____.

The expansion of the Universe ____.

What three main observed phenomena are the strongest support for the "big bang" theory?

The four fundamental forces in the Universe are the ___ forces.

Dark energy is the term used to describe ____.

The evolution of the distribution of dark and normal matter were____.

What are the four fundamental forces in the Universe and how did they affect the first steps of the big bang and the inflation of the Universe?

When matter and antimatter particles combine, the two particles annihilate each other and convert their mass into energy in the form of two gamma rays.

The heaviest element created in the big bang, in tiny amounts, is _______________.

Einstein's mass-energy equivalence () is important to the first phases of the big bang in explaining how____.

Hot gas created during the big bang should be detectable becausethe ____.

Tiny amounts of lithium and beryllium were formed in the big bang.

Which statement about the behavior of Universe geometries is correct?

The radiation detected by Penzias and Wilson is sometime referred to as CMBR, which stands for _______________ radiation.

Why do astronomers conclude that the Universe is filled with dark energy? Discuss two of the primary reasons.

The recombination era of the big bang was very important in several ways. Explain what happened during this time and what observable effects of the era existed.

Here and Now

A Users Guide to the Sky

Moon Phases and Eclipses

Origins of Modern Astronomy

Gravity

Light and Telescopes

Atoms and Spectra

The Sun

The Family of Stars

The Interstellar Medium

Formation and Structure of Stars

Stellar Evolution

Deaths of Stars

Neutron Stars and Black Holes

The Milky Way Galaxy

Galaxies

Supermassive Black Holes and Active Galaxies

Origin of the Solar System and Extrasolar Planets

Earth the Active Planet

The Moon and Mercury

Venus and Mars

Jupiter and Saturn

Uranus Neptune Pluto and the Kuiper Belt

Meteorites Asteroids and Comets

Astrobiology

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