Question 1

One of the first tests of the general theory of relativity was the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  description of the orbit of the moon 
B)  determination of the speed of light as a constant 
C)  change in mass of a particle moving at a high speed 
D)  demonstration of a hammer and a feather falling at the same rate on the moon 
E)  determination of the rate of advance of the perihelion of Mercury's orbit 
A)  description of the orbit of the moon 
B)  determination of the speed of light as a constant 
C)  change in mass of a particle moving at a high speed 
D)  demonstration of a hammer and a feather falling at the same rate on the moon 
E)  determination of the rate of advance of the perihelion of Mercury's orbit

Question 2

The circular velocity of a satellite orbiting Earth is given by $v _ { e } = \sqrt { \frac { G M } { r } }$ .  In this equation, M represents the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mass of the satellite, and r its radius 
B)  mass of the satellite, and r the distance from Earth to the satellite 
C)  mass of the satellite, and r the distance from Earth's surface to the satellite 
D)  mass of Earth, and r the radius of Earth 
E)  mass of Earth, and r  is the distance from Earth to the satellite 
A)  mass of the satellite, and r its radius 
B)  mass of the satellite, and r the distance from Earth to the satellite 
C)  mass of the satellite, and r the distance from Earth's surface to the satellite 
D)  mass of Earth, and r the radius of Earth 
E)  mass of Earth, and r  is the distance from Earth to the satellite

Question 3

According to Aristotle, an object with no forces acting on it will ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  move faster and faster 
B)  eventually stop moving 
C)  move at a constant speed forever 
D)  first increase and then decrease in speed 
E)  first decrease and then increase in speed 
A)  move faster and faster 
B)  eventually stop moving 
C)  move at a constant speed forever 
D)  first increase and then decrease in speed 
E)  first decrease and then increase in speed

Question 4

Describe two experiments that provide evidence of space-time curvature by the presence of a mass.

Accepted Answer

Two key experiments confirmed that space

Question 5

According to Aristotle, which scenario illustrates violent motion?

Accepted Answer

A)  An apple falling from a tree 
B)  A mass of warm air rising above hot pavement 
C)  An arrow moving through the air after leaving the bow 
D)  A person pushing a car along the street 
E)  A barrel rolling down a ramp 
A)  An apple falling from a tree 
B)  A mass of warm air rising above hot pavement 
C)  An arrow moving through the air after leaving the bow 
D)  A person pushing a car along the street 
E)  A barrel rolling down a ramp

Question 6

The radius of Earth is 6,378 km. The force of gravity on a 1 kg ball at Earth's surface is 9.8 kg m/s2.  What is the force of gravity on this same ball when the ball is located 12,756 km from Earth's center? Hint: G = 6.67  10-11 m3/s2/kg

Accepted Answer

A)  2.45 kg m/s2 
B)  4.9 kg m/s2 
C)  9.8 kg m/s2 
D)  19.6 kg m/s2 
E)  39.2 kg m/s2 
A)  2.45 kg m/s2 
B)  4.9 kg m/s2 
C)  9.8 kg m/s2 
D)  19.6 kg m/s2 
E)  39.2 kg m/s2

Question 7

Newton's first law of motion was very similar to descriptions of motion proposed by _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Newton's first law of motion was very...

Question 8

The second postulate of special relativity states that the speed of light, when measured in a vacuum, is constant for all observers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The escape velocity at a given distance from a planet is less than the circular velocity of an orbit around that planet at the same distance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The M oon pulls more strongly on Earth's near and far side than on its center.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Gravity obeys the inverse square law, which implies that the gravitational force of one body on another will be ____ times stronger at two meters than at six meters apart.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  9 
E)  10 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  9 
E)  10

Question 12

When two objects of unequal mass orbit each other, the center of mass is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  at the center of the more massive object 
B)  at the center of the least massive object 
C)  half way between the centers of each object 
D)  always closer to the less massive of the two objects 
E)  always closer to the more massive of the two objects 
A)  at the center of the more massive object 
B)  at the center of the least massive object 
C)  half way between the centers of each object 
D)  always closer to the less massive of the two objects 
E)  always closer to the more massive of the two objects

Question 13

How can tidal forces affect the rotation of celestial bodies and their orbital motion?

Accepted Answer

Earth rotates eastward, and friction wit

Question 14

Newtonian gravity is often called universal mutual gravitation because every particle with mass in the Universe must attract every other particle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The equivalence principle can be best illustrated by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a person riding in an elevator 
B)  a rocket coasting through space at a constant velocity 
C)  the change in mass of a moving body 
D)  the formation of energy by nuclear fusion 
E)  a car ride on a highway with the windows open 
A)  a person riding in an elevator 
B)  a rocket coasting through space at a constant velocity 
C)  the change in mass of a moving body 
D)  the formation of energy by nuclear fusion 
E)  a car ride on a highway with the windows open

Question 16

A comet near the Sun whose orbit is ____ would never be near the Sun again.

Accepted Answer

A)  apogee 
B)  circular 
C)  elliptical 
D)  hyperbolic 
E)  radial 
A)  apogee 
B)  circular 
C)  elliptical 
D)  hyperbolic 
E)  radial

Exam 5: Gravity

One of the first tests of the general theory of relativity was the ____.

The circular velocity of a satellite orbiting Earth is given by ve=GMrv _ { e } = \sqrt { \frac { G M } { r } }ve​=rGM​​ . In this equation, M represents the ____.

According to Aristotle, an object with no forces acting on it will ____.

Describe two experiments that provide evidence of space-time curvature by the presence of a mass.

According to Aristotle, which scenario illustrates violent motion?

The radius of Earth is 6,378 km. The force of gravity on a 1 kg ball at Earth's surface is 9.8 kg m/s2. What is the force of gravity on this same ball when the ball is located 12,756 km from Earth's center? Hint: G = 6.67 10-11 m3/s2/kg

Newton's first law of motion was very similar to descriptions of motion proposed by _______________.

The second postulate of special relativity states that the speed of light, when measured in a vacuum, is constant for all observers.

The escape velocity at a given distance from a planet is less than the circular velocity of an orbit around that planet at the same distance.

The M oon pulls more strongly on Earth's near and far side than on its center.

Gravity obeys the inverse square law, which implies that the gravitational force of one body on another will be ____ times stronger at two meters than at six meters apart.

When two objects of unequal mass orbit each other, the center of mass is ____.

How can tidal forces affect the rotation of celestial bodies and their orbital motion?

Newtonian gravity is often called universal mutual gravitation because every particle with mass in the Universe must attract every other particle.

The equivalence principle can be best illustrated by ____.

A comet near the Sun whose orbit is ____ would never be near the Sun again.

Here and Now

A Users Guide to the Sky

Moon Phases and Eclipses

Origins of Modern Astronomy

Light and Telescopes

Atoms and Spectra

The Sun

The Family of Stars

The Interstellar Medium

Formation and Structure of Stars

Stellar Evolution

Deaths of Stars

Neutron Stars and Black Holes

The Milky Way Galaxy

Galaxies

Supermassive Black Holes and Active Galaxies

Modern Cosmology

Origin of the Solar System and Extrasolar Planets

Earth the Active Planet

The Moon and Mercury

Venus and Mars

Jupiter and Saturn

Uranus Neptune Pluto and the Kuiper Belt

Meteorites Asteroids and Comets

Astrobiology

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The circular velocity of a satellite orbiting Earth is given by $v _ { e } = \sqrt { \frac { G M } { r } }$ . In this equation, M represents the ____.

The radius of Earth is 6,378 km. The force of gravity on a 1 kg ball at Earth's surface is 9.8 kg m/s². What is the force of gravity on this same ball when the ball is located 12,756 km from Earth's center? Hint: G = 6.67 10^-11 m³/s²/kg