Exam 7: Social Process Theories: Socialization and Society

When parents are alienated from their children, their negative labeling reduces their children's self-image and increases delinquency. This is referred to as:

In his _________ theory, pioneering control theorist Walter Reckless argued that a strong self-image insulates a youth from the pressures and pulls of criminogenic influences in the environment.

One consequence of labeling is the concept of _____, which brings about a reassessment of one's self-image that reflects actual or perceived judgments made by others, such as parents.

Testing labeling theory, former U.S. representative ________________ served New York's ninth congressional district from January 1999 until June 2011, and was a rising political star, until his "sexting" forced his resignation.

Of the 1.2 million students who drop out of school each year, most dropouts say they left either because they did not like school or because ________________.

Research on differential association theory finds that having delinquent friends:

According to social reaction theory, labels are believed to produce:

Compare and contrast social learning, social control, and labeling theory for explaining crime.

The more antisocial the peer group, the more likely its members will engage in _____.

Social control theory asserts that individuals are pushed into crime by an unfair and unequal society.

There is no research evidence to support the social control theory model.

Minorities and the poor are more likely to be prosecuted for criminal offenses and to receive harsher punishments when convicted.

Identify and describe the principles of Sutherland's differential association theory.

Supportive, effective, and noncoercive parenting is referred to as _____________________.

__________________ occurs when a deviant event comes to the attention of significant others or social-control agents who apply a negative label.

Sykes and Matza base their neutralization theory on a variety of observations about criminals, among them the observation that: