Exam 12: Processes of Evolution

The process of speciation always includes ____ isolation.

____ occurs when a change in chromosome number takes place in a single generation.

The Old Order Amish in Lancaster County is descended from one man and woman and has an unusually high frequency of a recessive allele that causes Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. This is an example of ____.

Which of the following is most likely the result of a neutral mutation?

____ is the study of a species' evolutionary history.

The appearance of lungs was a(n)____ that drove the evolution of land vertebrates.

Heterozygotes for the sickle cell trait have an adaptive advantage in areas where malaria is prevalent. This is an example of ____.

In the 16th century, a Spanish ship explored a Pacific Island that had a small mountain range separating it. Mice that were on the ship escaped onto the island on both sides of the mountain range. After decades of separation the two populations developed different numbers of chromosomes, resulting in reproductive isolation that prevented any future interbreeding. This speciation event is an example of ____.

____ increases the frequency of adaptive mutations in a population over time.

A small Dutch population settled in South Africa in the 17th century and became known as Afrikaners. By chance, a few Dutch settlers carried the gene for Huntington's disease. Today, Huntington's disease occurs at a relatively high frequency in this population. This is an example of ____.

In the universal ABO blood grouping system, there are four phenotypes - A, B, AB, and O - which are determined by three different alleles. The presence of three alleles in the ABO blood grouping system is an example of ____.

The fastest lions are able to catch prey, such as zebras; similarly, the fastest zebras are able to escape predatory lions. Over time, the lion and zebra populations become composed of faster and faster individuals. This is an example of ____.

A major change in evolutionary patterns over long periods of time is best described as ____.

In sexually reproducing species, genetic variations are not passed onto offspring via ____.

Phylogeny is most analogous to a ____.