Question 1

Water forms when ____ combine(s) with hydrogen.

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP 
B)  O2 
C)  coenzymes 
D)  CO2 
E)  ADP 
A)  ATP 
B)  O2 
C)  coenzymes 
D)  CO2 
E)  ADP

Question 2

When oxygen supplies run low, animal skeletal muscles________.

Accepted Answer

A)  generate large quantities of myoglobin to provide the necessary oxygen 
B)  produce large amounts of ATP through ethanol fermentation 
C)  rely on aerobic respiration within mitochondria 
D)  produce ethanol through fermentation 
E)  produce small amounts of ATP by lactate fermentation 
A)  generate large quantities of myoglobin to provide the necessary oxygen 
B)  produce large amounts of ATP through ethanol fermentation 
C)  rely on aerobic respiration within mitochondria 
D)  produce ethanol through fermentation 
E)  produce small amounts of ATP by lactate fermentation

Question 3

Aerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  by splitting carbon dioxide 
B)  during respiration 
C)  by splitting ribulose bisphosphate 
D)  by splitting molecules of water 
E)  by breaking down glucose 
A)  by splitting carbon dioxide 
B)  during respiration 
C)  by splitting ribulose bisphosphate 
D)  by splitting molecules of water 
E)  by breaking down glucose

Question 4

Fermentation takes place in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria 
B)  the endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  the Golgi apparatus 
D)  the cytoplasm 
E)  lysosomes 
A)  mitochondria 
B)  the endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  the Golgi apparatus 
D)  the cytoplasm 
E)  lysosomes

Question 5

The yield of ATP per glucose molecule in fermentation is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  6 
C)  12 
D)  36 
E)  40 
A)  2 
B)  6 
C)  12 
D)  36 
E)  40

Question 6

An imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants causes ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cellular balance 
B)  mitochondrial malfunctions 
C)  oxidative stress 
D)  Parkinson's disease 
E)  diabetes 
A)  cellular balance 
B)  mitochondrial malfunctions 
C)  oxidative stress 
D)  Parkinson's disease 
E)  diabetes

Question 7

During aerobic respiration, the electron acceptor at the end of the electron transfer chain is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH 
B)  oxygen 
C)  FADH2 
D)  glucose 
E)  acetyl-CoA 
A)  NADH 
B)  oxygen 
C)  FADH2 
D)  glucose 
E)  acetyl-CoA

Question 8

Cheese, yogurt, and buttermilk are produced by bacteria that form ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ethyl alcohol 
B)  acetaldehyde 
C)  pyruvate 
D)  lactate 
E)  citrate 
A)  ethyl alcohol 
B)  acetaldehyde 
C)  pyruvate 
D)  lactate 
E)  citrate

Question 9

When proteins are broken down into their subunits, what happens to the amino group removed from the amino acids that are not used to rebuild proteins or other molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are formed into acetyl-CoA. 
B)  They are converted into pyruvate. 
C)  They are excreted in the urine. 
D)  They are stored as glycogen in liver. 
E)  They are stored in vacuoles in muscle. 
A)  They are formed into acetyl-CoA. 
B)  They are converted into pyruvate. 
C)  They are excreted in the urine. 
D)  They are stored as glycogen in liver. 
E)  They are stored in vacuoles in muscle.

Question 10

In aerobic respiration, what is the ultimate fate of the electrons released from the breakdown of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are combined with NAD+. 
B)  They are combined with ATP. 
C)  They become hydrogen ions. 
D)  They are moved through the electron transport chain. 
E)  They are combined with oxygen and hydrogen ions to form water. 
A)  They are combined with NAD+. 
B)  They are combined with ATP. 
C)  They become hydrogen ions. 
D)  They are moved through the electron transport chain. 
E)  They are combined with oxygen and hydrogen ions to form water.

Question 11

The net result of glycolysis is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 NADH, 2 ATP, and 2 pyruvates 
B)  8 NADH, 2 ATP, and 6 carbon dioxides 
C)  36 ATP 
D)  2 NADH, 4 ATP, and 2 pyruvates 
E)  2 NADH, 2 ATP, and 2 acetyl-CoA 
A)  2 NADH, 2 ATP, and 2 pyruvates 
B)  8 NADH, 2 ATP, and 6 carbon dioxides 
C)  36 ATP 
D)  2 NADH, 4 ATP, and 2 pyruvates 
E)  2 NADH, 2 ATP, and 2 acetyl-CoA

Question 12

The first stage of aerobic respiration and fermentation occurs in which cellular structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosomes 
B)  cell membranes 
C)  the cytoplasm 
D)  nuclei 
E)  mitochondria 
A)  ribosomes 
B)  cell membranes 
C)  the cytoplasm 
D)  nuclei 
E)  mitochondria

Question 13

Hydrogen ion flowout of the mitochondria ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs between photosystems I and II 
B)  is called the hydrogen transfer system 
C)  provides energy to produce ATP molecules 
D)  causes excitation of chlorophyll molecules 
E)  requires the intermediary action of acceptor molecules 
A)  occurs between photosystems I and II 
B)  is called the hydrogen transfer system 
C)  provides energy to produce ATP molecules 
D)  causes excitation of chlorophyll molecules 
E)  requires the intermediary action of acceptor molecules

Question 14

When fatty acids are broken down to make ATP, which molecule is formed, and at which step in aerobic respiration does it enter?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl-CoA, which enters into glycolysis 
B)  acetyl-CoA, which enters into the Krebs cycle 
C)  pyruvate, which enters into the Krebs cycle 
D)  PGAL, which enters into electron transfer phosphorylation 
E)  PGAL, which enters into glycolysis 
A)  acetyl-CoA, which enters into glycolysis 
B)  acetyl-CoA, which enters into the Krebs cycle 
C)  pyruvate, which enters into the Krebs cycle 
D)  PGAL, which enters into electron transfer phosphorylation 
E)  PGAL, which enters into glycolysis

Question 15

Excess glucose in the human diet can result in accumulations of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate 
B)  NADH 
C)  fats 
D)  lactate 
E)  ATP 
A)  pyruvate 
B)  NADH 
C)  fats 
D)  lactate 
E)  ATP

Question 16

As ATP begins to accumulate in the cytoplasm of animal cells, the extra glucose ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  enters glycolysis more rapidly 
B)  is converted into glycogen 
C)  is converted into starch 
D)  is converted into proteins 
E)  is converted into carbohydrates 
A)  enters glycolysis more rapidly 
B)  is converted into glycogen 
C)  is converted into starch 
D)  is converted into proteins 
E)  is converted into carbohydrates

Question 17

During electron transfer phosphorylation, in which of the following does electron transfer chains fuel active transport of hydrogen ions?

Accepted Answer

A)  inner membrane 
B)  matrix 
C)  the outermost membrane 
D)  between the outermost and innermost membranes 
E)  a combination of more than one of these 
A)  inner membrane 
B)  matrix 
C)  the outermost membrane 
D)  between the outermost and innermost membranes 
E)  a combination of more than one of these

Question 18

The first step in aerobic respiration is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl-CoA formation 
B)  the citric acid cycle 
C)  electron transfer 
D)  glycolysis 
E)  photosynthesis 
A)  acetyl-CoA formation 
B)  the citric acid cycle 
C)  electron transfer 
D)  glycolysis 
E)  photosynthesis

Question 19

In animal skeletal muscles, ____ dominate(s) under most circumstances.

Accepted Answer

A)  myoglobin 
B)  anaerobic respiration 
C)  mitochondria 
D)  ethanol 
E)  ATP by lactate fermentation 
A)  myoglobin 
B)  anaerobic respiration 
C)  mitochondria 
D)  ethanol 
E)  ATP by lactate fermentation

Question 20

Which three-carbon molecule is produced by glycolysis and then enters the Krebs cycle after conversion to a two-carbon molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl CoA 
B)  pyruvate 
C)  glucose 
D)  carbon dioxide 
E)  oxygen 
A)  acetyl CoA 
B)  pyruvate 
C)  glucose 
D)  carbon dioxide 
E)  oxygen

Exam 6: Releasing Chemical Energy

Water forms when ____ combine(s) with hydrogen.

When oxygen supplies run low, animal skeletal muscles________.

Aerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide ____.

Fermentation takes place in ____.

The yield of ATP per glucose molecule in fermentation is ____.

An imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants causes ____.

During aerobic respiration, the electron acceptor at the end of the electron transfer chain is ____.

Cheese, yogurt, and buttermilk are produced by bacteria that form ____.

When proteins are broken down into their subunits, what happens to the amino group removed from the amino acids that are not used to rebuild proteins or other molecules?

In aerobic respiration, what is the ultimate fate of the electrons released from the breakdown of glucose?

The net result of glycolysis is ____.

The first stage of aerobic respiration and fermentation occurs in which cellular structure?

Hydrogen ion flowout of the mitochondria ____.

When fatty acids are broken down to make ATP, which molecule is formed, and at which step in aerobic respiration does it enter?

Excess glucose in the human diet can result in accumulations of ____.

As ATP begins to accumulate in the cytoplasm of animal cells, the extra glucose ____.

During electron transfer phosphorylation, in which of the following does electron transfer chains fuel active transport of hydrogen ions?

The first step in aerobic respiration is ____.

In animal skeletal muscles, ____ dominate(s) under most circumstances.

Which three-carbon molecule is produced by glycolysis and then enters the Krebs cycle after conversion to a two-carbon molecule?

Invitation to Biology

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Energy and Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Dna Structure and Function

Gene Expression and Control

How Cells Reproduce

Patterns of Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Prokaryotes, Protists, and Viruses

Plants and Fungi

Animal Evolution

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Effects

Animal Tissues and Organs

How Animals Move

Circulation and Respiration

Immunity

Digestion and Excretion

Neural Control and the Senses

Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction and Development

Plant Form and Function

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

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