Question 1

The citric acid cycle is a cyclical pathway of reactions that use ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl-CoA to produce ATP 
B)  sugar to produce energy 
C)  sugar to produce starch 
D)  starch to produce energy 
E)  oxygen to produce carbon dioxide 
A)  acetyl-CoA to produce ATP 
B)  sugar to produce energy 
C)  sugar to produce starch 
D)  starch to produce energy 
E)  oxygen to produce carbon dioxide

Question 2

Why are fats a better source of energy than carbohydrates on a per carbon basis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fats are comprised of other atoms besides carbon and oxygen that increase its ATP yield. 
B)  Fats have more hydrogen bond in its fatty acid chains, which allows them to react more with oxygen. 
C)  Fats do not completely break down, and the by-products increase ATP yield. 
D)  Fats require fewer reactions with oxygen to completely break down, thus increasing its ATP yield. 
E)  Fats require more reactions with oxygen to completely break down. 
A)  Fats are comprised of other atoms besides carbon and oxygen that increase its ATP yield. 
B)  Fats have more hydrogen bond in its fatty acid chains, which allows them to react more with oxygen. 
C)  Fats do not completely break down, and the by-products increase ATP yield. 
D)  Fats require fewer reactions with oxygen to completely break down, thus increasing its ATP yield. 
E)  Fats require more reactions with oxygen to completely break down.

Question 3

Fermentation reactions occur in the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoplasm 
B)  chloroplast outer membrane 
C)  thylakoid membrane 
D)  stroma 
E)  matrix 
A)  cytoplasm 
B)  chloroplast outer membrane 
C)  thylakoid membrane 
D)  stroma 
E)  matrix

Question 4

Glycolysis takes place in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the cytoplasm 
B)  mitochondria 
C)  chloroplasts 
D)  thylakoids 
E)  peroxisomes 
A)  the cytoplasm 
B)  mitochondria 
C)  chloroplasts 
D)  thylakoids 
E)  peroxisomes

Question 5

One difference between aerobic respiration and fermentation is that in fermentation____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ethanol is converted to oxygen 
B)  oxygen is the final acceptor 
C)  the cell becomes radioactive 
D)  electrons are accepted by organic molecules 
E)  the molecules become ionized 
A)  ethanol is converted to oxygen 
B)  oxygen is the final acceptor 
C)  the cell becomes radioactive 
D)  electrons are accepted by organic molecules 
E)  the molecules become ionized

Question 6

In which cellular organelle does aerobic respiration conclude in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  rough endoplasmic reticulum 
B)  Golgi bodies 
C)  mitochondria 
D)  chloroplasts 
E)  lysosome 
A)  rough endoplasmic reticulum 
B)  Golgi bodies 
C)  mitochondria 
D)  chloroplasts 
E)  lysosome

Question 7

During electron phosphorylation, how do hydrogen ions get back into the mitochondrial matrix?

Accepted Answer

A)  passive diffusion directly across the thylakoid membrane 
B)  active transport across the thylakoid membrane 
C)  facilitated diffusion across the thylakoid membrane 
D)  active transport through ATP synthase 
E)  passive diffusion through ATP synthase 
A)  passive diffusion directly across the thylakoid membrane 
B)  active transport across the thylakoid membrane 
C)  facilitated diffusion across the thylakoid membrane 
D)  active transport through ATP synthase 
E)  passive diffusion through ATP synthase

Question 8

During the Krebs cycle, energy is released ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  in the form of ATP synthase 
B)  from the flow of hydrogen ions 
C)  when acetyl-CoA is broken apart 
D)  when oxygen gas forms 
E)  in the form of glucose 
A)  in the form of ATP synthase 
B)  from the flow of hydrogen ions 
C)  when acetyl-CoA is broken apart 
D)  when oxygen gas forms 
E)  in the form of glucose

Question 9

Glycogen is stored in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  liver tissue only 
B)  muscle tissue only 
C)  adipose tissue only 
D)  liver and muscle tissue 
E)  liver, muscle, and adipose tissue 
A)  liver tissue only 
B)  muscle tissue only 
C)  adipose tissue only 
D)  liver and muscle tissue 
E)  liver, muscle, and adipose tissue

Question 10

Which component is not found in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  a single outer membrane 
B)  DNA 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  granules 
E)  matrix 
A)  a single outer membrane 
B)  DNA 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  granules 
E)  matrix

Question 11

Electrons combine with ____ to form free radicals.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  sulfur 
C)  mitochondria 
D)  oxygen 
E)  ATP 
A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  sulfur 
C)  mitochondria 
D)  oxygen 
E)  ATP

Question 12

Match between columns
                        Premises: a process resulting in the formation of ATP, NADH, and CO S1U1B12S1U1B0
a pathway used by white muscle fibers
the first part of aerobic respiration
a process that uses oxygen
The next to the last step in this pathway is the formation of acetaldehyde.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of alcoholic fermentation and electron transfer phosphorylation and is...

Question 13

What powers the ATP synthase enzyme at the end of aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  energy from ATP 
B)  energy from NADPH 
C)  energy from the splitting of water 
D)  energy from electron transfer chains 
E)  energy from the flow of hydrogen ions 
A)  energy from ATP 
B)  energy from NADPH 
C)  energy from the splitting of water 
D)  energy from electron transfer chains 
E)  energy from the flow of hydrogen ions

Question 14

The three main categories of energy-producing foods are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  fats, carbohydrates, and vitamins 
B)  fats, vitamins, and proteins 
C)  fats, carbohydrates, and proteins 
D)  fats, carbohydrates, and alcohol 
E)  carbohydrates, vitamins, and proteins 
A)  fats, carbohydrates, and vitamins 
B)  fats, vitamins, and proteins 
C)  fats, carbohydrates, and proteins 
D)  fats, carbohydrates, and alcohol 
E)  carbohydrates, vitamins, and proteins

Question 15

How many ATP molecules (net yield) are produced per molecule of glucose during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  36 
E)  38 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  36 
E)  38

Question 16

The energy that drives glycolysis comes from ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sunlight 
B)  glucose 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  ATP and NADPH 
E)  water and oxygen 
A)  sunlight 
B)  glucose 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  ATP and NADPH 
E)  water and oxygen

Question 17

In eukaryotes, the electron transfer chain of aerobic respiration is located ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  at the intermembrane space of mitochondria 
B)  at the matrix of mitochondria 
C)  at the inner membrane of mitochondria 
D)  at the outer membrane of mitochondria 
E)  throughout the cytoplasm of the cell 
A)  at the intermembrane space of mitochondria 
B)  at the matrix of mitochondria 
C)  at the inner membrane of mitochondria 
D)  at the outer membrane of mitochondria 
E)  throughout the cytoplasm of the cell

Question 18

Which product(s) are/is formed in lactate fermentation?

Accepted Answer

A)  ethanol only 
B)  lactate only 
C)  ethanol and lactate 
D)  ethanol and carbon dioxide 
E)  lactate and carbon dioxide 
A)  ethanol only 
B)  lactate only 
C)  ethanol and lactate 
D)  ethanol and carbon dioxide 
E)  lactate and carbon dioxide

Question 19

The energy generated from the electron transfer chain during electron transfer phosphorylation is used to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  split water into oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons 
B)  generate NADH 
C)  power the ATP synthase enzyme to produce ATP 
D)  pump hydrogen ions into the mitochondrial intermembrane space 
E)  generate glucose 
A)  split water into oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons 
B)  generate NADH 
C)  power the ATP synthase enzyme to produce ATP 
D)  pump hydrogen ions into the mitochondrial intermembrane space 
E)  generate glucose

Question 20

What do free radicals do?

Accepted Answer

A)  improve the efficiency of aerobic respiration 
B)  act as coenzymes in glycolysis 
C)  damage biological molecules 
D)  remove metals that combine with oxygen gas 
E)  enhance enzyme activity 
A)  improve the efficiency of aerobic respiration 
B)  act as coenzymes in glycolysis 
C)  damage biological molecules 
D)  remove metals that combine with oxygen gas 
E)  enhance enzyme activity

Exam 6: Releasing Chemical Energy

The citric acid cycle is a cyclical pathway of reactions that use ____.

Why are fats a better source of energy than carbohydrates on a per carbon basis?

Fermentation reactions occur in the ____.

Glycolysis takes place in ____.

One difference between aerobic respiration and fermentation is that in fermentation____.

In which cellular organelle does aerobic respiration conclude in eukaryotes?

During electron phosphorylation, how do hydrogen ions get back into the mitochondrial matrix?

During the Krebs cycle, energy is released ____.

Glycogen is stored in ____.

Which component is not found in mitochondria?

Electrons combine with ____ to form free radicals.

What powers the ATP synthase enzyme at the end of aerobic respiration?

The three main categories of energy-producing foods are ____.

How many ATP molecules (net yield) are produced per molecule of glucose during glycolysis?

The energy that drives glycolysis comes from ____.

In eukaryotes, the electron transfer chain of aerobic respiration is located ____.

Which product(s) are/is formed in lactate fermentation?

The energy generated from the electron transfer chain during electron transfer phosphorylation is used to ____.

What do free radicals do?

Invitation to Biology

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Energy and Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Dna Structure and Function

Gene Expression and Control

How Cells Reproduce

Patterns of Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Prokaryotes, Protists, and Viruses

Plants and Fungi

Animal Evolution

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Effects

Animal Tissues and Organs

How Animals Move

Circulation and Respiration

Immunity

Digestion and Excretion

Neural Control and the Senses

Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction and Development

Plant Form and Function

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

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