Question 1

If the codon consisted of only 2 nucleotides, _____ codons would be possible.

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  8 
C)  16 
D)  32 
E)  64 
A)  4 
B)  8 
C)  16 
D)  32 
E)  64 C

Question 2

Which process is responsible for the conversion of DNA information into messenger RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  replication 
B)  transcription 
C)  duplication 
D)  translation 
E)  synthesis 
A)  replication 
B)  transcription 
C)  duplication 
D)  translation 
E)  synthesis B

Question 3

Transcription _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  uses both strands of DNA simultaneously as templates 
B)  uses the enzyme DNA polymerase 
C)  results in a double-stranded end product 
D)  produces three different types of RNA molecules 
E)  does not require the hydrogen bonds of DNA to be broken 
A)  uses both strands of DNA simultaneously as templates 
B)  uses the enzyme DNA polymerase 
C)  results in a double-stranded end product 
D)  produces three different types of RNA molecules 
E)  does not require the hydrogen bonds of DNA to be broken D

Question 4

Which types of cells are most likely to have high levels of methyl groups in their DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  embryonic cells 
B)  blastocyst cells 
C)  senescent cells (cells that are not actively dividing) 
D)  apoptotic cells (cells that are undergoing cell death) 
E)  rapidly dividing cells 
A)  embryonic cells 
B)  blastocyst cells 
C)  senescent cells (cells that are not actively dividing) 
D)  apoptotic cells (cells that are undergoing cell death) 
E)  rapidly dividing cells

Question 5

What are the noncoding segments of DNA called?

Accepted Answer

A)  introns 
B)  exons 
C)  promoters 
D)  transcription factors 
E)  knockouts 
A)  introns 
B)  exons 
C)  promoters 
D)  transcription factors 
E)  knockouts

Question 6

The toxicity of ricin has been known since ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  1588 
B)  1688 
C)  1788 
D)  1888 
E)  1988 
A)  1588 
B)  1688 
C)  1788 
D)  1888 
E)  1988

Question 7

Mutations in an intron region of a gene are most likely to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent mRNA from being synthesized 
B)  trap mRNA inside the nucleus 
C)  prevent mRNA from being recognized by the ribosome 
D)  result in no changes in the amino acid sequence 
E)  alter the amino acid sequence 
A)  prevent mRNA from being synthesized 
B)  trap mRNA inside the nucleus 
C)  prevent mRNA from being recognized by the ribosome 
D)  result in no changes in the amino acid sequence 
E)  alter the amino acid sequence

Question 8

The master gene for male sex determination is located on _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  both X chromosomes 
B)  each autosome 
C)  the Y chromosome 
D)  the X chromosome 
E)  both X and Y chromosomes 
A)  both X chromosomes 
B)  each autosome 
C)  the Y chromosome 
D)  the X chromosome 
E)  both X and Y chromosomes

Question 9

Many ribosome-inactivating proteins are not toxic to humans because _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  we have enzymes to detoxify them 
B)  they are very rare in nature 
C)  they are sequestered by white blood cells 
D)  they are rapidly metabolized 
E)  they do not cross cell membranes very well 
A)  we have enzymes to detoxify them 
B)  they are very rare in nature 
C)  they are sequestered by white blood cells 
D)  they are rapidly metabolized 
E)  they do not cross cell membranes very well

Question 10

How many different amino acids are found in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  8 
C)  12 
D)  16 
E)  20 
A)  4 
B)  8 
C)  12 
D)  16 
E)  20

Question 11

Ricin inactivates _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins 
B)  ribosomes 
C)  DNA 
D)  transcription factors 
E)  mRNA 
A)  proteins 
B)  ribosomes 
C)  DNA 
D)  transcription factors 
E)  mRNA

Question 12

Which RNA acts as an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA 
B)  rRNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  mRNA and rRNA 
E)  rRNA and tRNA 
A)  mRNA 
B)  rRNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  mRNA and rRNA 
E)  rRNA and tRNA

Question 13

Mutations in promoter regions of a gene are most likely to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent mRNA from being synthesized 
B)  trap mRNA inside the nucleus 
C)  prevent mRNA from being recognized by the ribosome 
D)  prevent mRNA from being post-transcriptionally modified 
E)  alter the amino acid sequence 
A)  prevent mRNA from being synthesized 
B)  trap mRNA inside the nucleus 
C)  prevent mRNA from being recognized by the ribosome 
D)  prevent mRNA from being post-transcriptionally modified 
E)  alter the amino acid sequence

Question 14

During elongation, ribosomes catalyze formation of a ____ bond between an amino acid and the growing polypeptide.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen 
B)  peptide 
C)  polar covalent 
D)  nonpolar covalent 
E)  sulfur 
A)  hydrogen 
B)  peptide 
C)  polar covalent 
D)  nonpolar covalent 
E)  sulfur

Question 15

Which of the following processes is/are part of gene expression? I. transduction
II) transcription
III) translation

Accepted Answer

A)  I and II 
B)  I and III 
C)  II and III 
D)  I, II, and III 
E)  III only 
A)  I and II 
B)  I and III 
C)  II and III 
D)  I, II, and III 
E)  III only

Question 16

How many nucleotides comprise one codon?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  5 
D)  6 
E)  16 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  5 
D)  6 
E)  16

Question 17

Eukaryotic post-transcriptional modifications occur in the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoplasm 
B)  mitochondria 
C)  nucleus 
D)  ribosome 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  cytoplasm 
B)  mitochondria 
C)  nucleus 
D)  ribosome 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

Sphynx cats have a mutation in a(n)_____ of the keratin gene, which prevents necessary splicing; therefore, keratin protein fibers do not assemble properly.

Accepted Answer

A)  promoter 
B)  intron-exon splice site 
C)  exon 
D)  stop codon 
E)  enhancer 
A)  promoter 
B)  intron-exon splice site 
C)  exon 
D)  stop codon 
E)  enhancer

Question 19

What is the maximum number of different tRNAs in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  20 
C)  60 
D)  61 
E)  64 
A)  3 
B)  20 
C)  60 
D)  61 
E)  64

Question 20

In mammals, X chromosome inactivation results in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a total inactivation of both female X chromosomes 
B)  only the inactivation of the paternal X chromosome in females 
C)  only the inactivation of the maternal X chromosome in females 
D)  the random inactivation of either the paternal or the maternal X in females 
E)  the inactivation of the maternal X chromosome in males 
A)  a total inactivation of both female X chromosomes 
B)  only the inactivation of the paternal X chromosome in females 
C)  only the inactivation of the maternal X chromosome in females 
D)  the random inactivation of either the paternal or the maternal X in females 
E)  the inactivation of the maternal X chromosome in males

Exam 8: Gene Expression and Control

If the codon consisted of only 2 nucleotides, _____ codons would be possible.

Which process is responsible for the conversion of DNA information into messenger RNA?

Transcription _____.

Which types of cells are most likely to have high levels of methyl groups in their DNA?

What are the noncoding segments of DNA called?

The toxicity of ricin has been known since ____.

Mutations in an intron region of a gene are most likely to _____.

The master gene for male sex determination is located on _____.

Many ribosome-inactivating proteins are not toxic to humans because _____.

How many different amino acids are found in humans?

Ricin inactivates _____.

Which RNA acts as an enzyme?

Mutations in promoter regions of a gene are most likely to _____.

During elongation, ribosomes catalyze formation of a ____ bond between an amino acid and the growing polypeptide.

Which of the following processes is/are part of gene expression? I. transduction II) transcription III) translation

How many nucleotides comprise one codon?

Eukaryotic post-transcriptional modifications occur in the _____.

Sphynx cats have a mutation in a(n)_____ of the keratin gene, which prevents necessary splicing; therefore, keratin protein fibers do not assemble properly.

What is the maximum number of different tRNAs in a eukaryotic cell?

In mammals, X chromosome inactivation results in _____.

Invitation to Biology

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Energy and Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

Dna Structure and Function

How Cells Reproduce

Patterns of Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Prokaryotes, Protists, and Viruses

Plants and Fungi

Animal Evolution

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Effects

Animal Tissues and Organs

How Animals Move

Circulation and Respiration

Immunity

Digestion and Excretion

Neural Control and the Senses

Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction and Development

Plant Form and Function

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

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