Question 1

The reabsorption of solutes is the result of active transport of

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium. 
B)  sodium. 
C)  carbonate. 
D)  chloride. 
E)  calcium. 
A)  potassium. 
B)  sodium. 
C)  carbonate. 
D)  chloride. 
E)  calcium.

Question 2

The hormone produced by the kidney that is responsible for stimulation of the production of red blood cells is

Accepted Answer

A)  erythropoietin. 
B)  angiotensin. 
C)  renin. 
D)  aldosterone. 
E)  cortisol. 
A)  erythropoietin. 
B)  angiotensin. 
C)  renin. 
D)  aldosterone. 
E)  cortisol.

Question 3

All but which of the following are significant routes for water loss from the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  excretion in urine 
B)  sneezing 
C)  sweating 
D)  elimination in feces 
E)  evaporation from respiratory surfaces 
A)  excretion in urine 
B)  sneezing 
C)  sweating 
D)  elimination in feces 
E)  evaporation from respiratory surfaces

Question 4

In humans, the thirst center is located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal cortex. 
B)  brain. 
C)  anterior pituitary. 
D)  glomerulus. 
E)  stomach. 
A)  adrenal cortex. 
B)  brain. 
C)  anterior pituitary. 
D)  glomerulus. 
E)  stomach.

Question 5

Most of the filtrate produced at the glomerulus is reabsorbed by the

Accepted Answer

A)  papillary duct. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  proximal tubules. 
D)  distal tubules. 
E)  peritubular capillary. 
A)  papillary duct. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  proximal tubules. 
D)  distal tubules. 
E)  peritubular capillary.

Question 6

Selecting the Exception Four of the five answers listed below are potentially toxic waste products of metabolism. Select the exception.

Accepted Answer

A)  urea 
B)  water 
C)  uric acid 
D)  carbon dioxide 
E)  ammonia 
A)  urea 
B)  water 
C)  uric acid 
D)  carbon dioxide 
E)  ammonia

Question 7

The most abundant waste product of metabolism is

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  ammonia. 
C)  urea. 
D)  uric acid. 
E)  water. 
A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  ammonia. 
C)  urea. 
D)  uric acid. 
E)  water.

Question 8

The urinary system helps to maintain the extracellular fluid pH by

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesizing buffers. 
B)  retaining carbon dioxide in the filtrate. 
C)  excreting hydrogen ions as water. 
D)  combining hydrogen ions with urea. 
E)  joining hydrogen ions with bicarbonate. 
A)  synthesizing buffers. 
B)  retaining carbon dioxide in the filtrate. 
C)  excreting hydrogen ions as water. 
D)  combining hydrogen ions with urea. 
E)  joining hydrogen ions with bicarbonate.

Question 9

Secretion takes up unwanted substances that have been transported out of

Accepted Answer

A)  peritubular capillaries. 
B)  collecting ducts. 
C)  papillary ducts. 
D)  glomeruli. 
E)  Bowman's capsule. 
A)  peritubular capillaries. 
B)  collecting ducts. 
C)  papillary ducts. 
D)  glomeruli. 
E)  Bowman's capsule.

Question 10

Ethanol (drinking alcohol) is an inhibitor of ADH. Therefore, a person consuming a couple of mixed drinks should excrete

Accepted Answer

A)  less water because ADH promotes reabsorption. 
B)  the alcohol because ADH cannot degrade it. 
C)  ketone bodies formed from the alcohol. 
D)  more water because ADH normally promotes reabsorption. 
E)  more water and the alcohol due to the ADH inhibition. 
A)  less water because ADH promotes reabsorption. 
B)  the alcohol because ADH cannot degrade it. 
C)  ketone bodies formed from the alcohol. 
D)  more water because ADH normally promotes reabsorption. 
E)  more water and the alcohol due to the ADH inhibition.

Question 11

Filtration occurs in which section of a mammalian nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus in the Bowman's capsule 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  proximal tubule 
D)  distal tubules 
E)  peritubular capillary 
A)  glomerulus in the Bowman's capsule 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  proximal tubule 
D)  distal tubules 
E)  peritubular capillary

Question 12

The antidiuretic hormone

Accepted Answer

A)  promotes processes that lead to an increase in the volume of urine. 
B)  promotes processes that lead to a decrease in the volume of urine. 
C)  acts on the proximal tubules of nephrons in the kidney. 
D)  is produced by the adrenal cortex. 
E)  is produced by the anterior pituitary gland. 
A)  promotes processes that lead to an increase in the volume of urine. 
B)  promotes processes that lead to a decrease in the volume of urine. 
C)  acts on the proximal tubules of nephrons in the kidney. 
D)  is produced by the adrenal cortex. 
E)  is produced by the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 13

If blood pH falls outside of the normal range for too long, which system suffers most?

Accepted Answer

A)  skeletal system 
B)  muscular system 
C)  cardiovascular system 
D)  central nervous system 
E)  respiratory system 
A)  skeletal system 
B)  muscular system 
C)  cardiovascular system 
D)  central nervous system 
E)  respiratory system

Question 14

Selecting the Exception Four of the five substances listed below are related to the kidney in one way or another. Select the exception.

Accepted Answer

A)  renin 
B)  thyroid stimulating hormone 
C)  ADH 
D)  angiotensin I 
E)  erythropoietin 
A)  renin 
B)  thyroid stimulating hormone 
C)  ADH 
D)  angiotensin I 
E)  erythropoietin

Question 15

A kidney machine removes solutes from the blood by means of

Accepted Answer

A)  osmosis. 
B)  diffusion. 
C)  dialysis. 
D)  active transport. 
E)  bulk flow. 
A)  osmosis. 
B)  diffusion. 
C)  dialysis. 
D)  active transport. 
E)  bulk flow.

Question 16

"Toilet training" in children involves control of the

Accepted Answer

A)  internal urethral sphincter. 
B)  urinary bladder. 
C)  kidneys. 
D)  Bowman's capsule. 
E)  external urethral sphincter. 
A)  internal urethral sphincter. 
B)  urinary bladder. 
C)  kidneys. 
D)  Bowman's capsule. 
E)  external urethral sphincter.

Question 17

Which of the following does NOT dispose of a type of waste directly to the environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  digestive system 
B)  respiratory system 
C)  integumentary system 
D)  circulatory system 
E)  urinary system 
A)  digestive system 
B)  respiratory system 
C)  integumentary system 
D)  circulatory system 
E)  urinary system

Question 18

Selecting the Exception Four of the five answers listed below are internal parts of the same organ. Select the exception.

Accepted Answer

A)  distal tubule 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  ureter 
D)  proximal tubule 
E)  Bowman's capsule 
A)  distal tubule 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  ureter 
D)  proximal tubule 
E)  Bowman's capsule

Question 19

Which of the following is a trigger for the other actions described?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extracellular fluid volume is reduced. 
B)  Solute concentration in the extracellular fluid rises above a set point. 
C)  Posterior pituitary secretes ADH. 
D)  Distal tubules of the nephrons and the collecting ducts become more permeable to water. 
E)  A small amount of concentrated urine is excreted. 
A)  Extracellular fluid volume is reduced. 
B)  Solute concentration in the extracellular fluid rises above a set point. 
C)  Posterior pituitary secretes ADH. 
D)  Distal tubules of the nephrons and the collecting ducts become more permeable to water. 
E)  A small amount of concentrated urine is excreted.

Question 20

Match between columns
                        Premises: bleeding due to infection, cancer, or injury
urinary tract infection
diabetes
kidney disease or severe hypertension

Accepted Answer

The Answer of glucose in urine and red blood cells is...

Exam 12: The Urinary System

The reabsorption of solutes is the result of active transport of

The hormone produced by the kidney that is responsible for stimulation of the production of red blood cells is

All but which of the following are significant routes for water loss from the body?

In humans, the thirst center is located in the

Most of the filtrate produced at the glomerulus is reabsorbed by the

Selecting the Exception Four of the five answers listed below are potentially toxic waste products of metabolism. Select the exception.

The most abundant waste product of metabolism is

The urinary system helps to maintain the extracellular fluid pH by

Secretion takes up unwanted substances that have been transported out of

Ethanol (drinking alcohol) is an inhibitor of ADH. Therefore, a person consuming a couple of mixed drinks should excrete

Filtration occurs in which section of a mammalian nephron?

The antidiuretic hormone

If blood pH falls outside of the normal range for too long, which system suffers most?

Selecting the Exception Four of the five substances listed below are related to the kidney in one way or another. Select the exception.

A kidney machine removes solutes from the blood by means of

"Toilet training" in children involves control of the

Which of the following does NOT dispose of a type of waste directly to the environment?

Selecting the Exception Four of the five answers listed below are internal parts of the same organ. Select the exception.

Which of the following is a trigger for the other actions described?

Learning About Human Biology

Chemistry of Life

Cells and How They Work

Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems

The Skeletal System

The Muscular System

Circulation: the Heart and Blood Vessels

Blood

Immunity and Disease

The Respiratory System

Digestion and Nutrition

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Reproductive Systems

Development and Aging

Cell Reproduction

Introduction to Genetics

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA, Genes, and Biotechnology

Genes and Disease: Cancer

Principles of Evolution

Principles of Ecology

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

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