Question 1

Blood is carried away from the glomerulus by

Accepted Answer

A)  an efferent arteriole. 
B)  peritubular capillaries. 
C)  a renal capsule. 
D)  an afferent arteriole. 
E)  proximal tubules. 
A)  an efferent arteriole. 
B)  peritubular capillaries. 
C)  a renal capsule. 
D)  an afferent arteriole. 
E)  proximal tubules.

Question 2

Which of the following does NOT influence the pH of the blood and extracellular fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiration 
B)  blood proteins 
C)  bicarbonate ions 
D)  filtration by glomerulus 
E)  phosphate and ammonia ions 
A)  respiration 
B)  blood proteins 
C)  bicarbonate ions 
D)  filtration by glomerulus 
E)  phosphate and ammonia ions

Question 3

Most of the water and sodium is reabsorbed in the ____ of each nephron.

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus 
B)  proximal tubule 
C)  distal tubule 
D)  loop of Henle 
E)  collecting duct 
A)  glomerulus 
B)  proximal tubule 
C)  distal tubule 
D)  loop of Henle 
E)  collecting duct

Question 4

In a urine analysis, acidic urine can indicate

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic problems. 
B)  an infection. 
C)  malfunctioning kidneys. 
D)  prostate cancer. 
E)  bladder cancer. 
A)  metabolic problems. 
B)  an infection. 
C)  malfunctioning kidneys. 
D)  prostate cancer. 
E)  bladder cancer.

Question 5

Severe vomiting or dehydration and overuse of antacids may bring about which condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic alkalosis 
B)  respiratory acidosis 
C)  metabolic acidosis 
D)  respiratory alkalosis 
E)  compensatory acidosis 
A)  metabolic alkalosis 
B)  respiratory acidosis 
C)  metabolic acidosis 
D)  respiratory alkalosis 
E)  compensatory acidosis

Question 6

When cells break down proteins, the main waste product is

Accepted Answer

A)  acetic acid. 
B)  phosphoric acid. 
C)  amino acids. 
D)  carbon dioxide. 
E)  urea. 
A)  acetic acid. 
B)  phosphoric acid. 
C)  amino acids. 
D)  carbon dioxide. 
E)  urea.

Question 7

The most toxic substances routinely found in the blood are metabolites of

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  minerals. 
E)  vitamins. 
A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  minerals. 
E)  vitamins.

Question 8

What is the name given to the fluid removed from the blood but not yet processed by the nephron tubules?

Accepted Answer

A)  urine 
B)  water 
C)  uretrial fluid 
D)  glomerular filtrate 
E)  renal plasma 
A)  urine 
B)  water 
C)  uretrial fluid 
D)  glomerular filtrate 
E)  renal plasma

Question 9

Which of the following is an inherited kidney disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  pyelonephritis 
B)  glomerulonephritis 
C)  pyelitis 
D)  polycystic kidney disease 
E)  cystitis 
A)  pyelonephritis 
B)  glomerulonephritis 
C)  pyelitis 
D)  polycystic kidney disease 
E)  cystitis

Question 10

In a urine analysis, too much protein in the urine can indicate

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic problems. 
B)  an infection. 
C)  malfunctioning kidneys. 
D)  prostate cancer. 
E)  bladder cancer. 
A)  metabolic problems. 
B)  an infection. 
C)  malfunctioning kidneys. 
D)  prostate cancer. 
E)  bladder cancer.

Question 11

When the body has excess sodium, which of the following does NOT happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  more sodium is excreted 
B)  more sodium is reabsorbed 
C)  edema (swelling) occurs 
D)  blood pressure rises 
E)  aldosterone secretion is inhibited 
A)  more sodium is excreted 
B)  more sodium is reabsorbed 
C)  edema (swelling) occurs 
D)  blood pressure rises 
E)  aldosterone secretion is inhibited

Question 12

In reabsorption,

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma proteins are returned to the blood. 
B)  excess hydrogen ions are removed from the blood. 
C)  excess water is passed on to the urine. 
D)  nutrients and salts are selectively returned to the blood. 
E)  drugs and foreign substances are passed into the urine. 
A)  plasma proteins are returned to the blood. 
B)  excess hydrogen ions are removed from the blood. 
C)  excess water is passed on to the urine. 
D)  nutrients and salts are selectively returned to the blood. 
E)  drugs and foreign substances are passed into the urine.

Question 13

Sodium, potassium, and calcium are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  electrolytes. 
B)  nonelectrolytes. 
C)  acids. 
D)  bases. 
E)  proteins. 
A)  electrolytes. 
B)  nonelectrolytes. 
C)  acids. 
D)  bases. 
E)  proteins.

Question 14

Selecting the Exception Four of the five answers listed below are the result of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) secretion. Select the exception.

Accepted Answer

A)  water is reabsorbed in the distal tubule 
B)  fluid volume of blood increases 
C)  solute concentration in blood rises 
D)  distal tubule and collecting duct become more permeable to water reabsorption 
E)  solute concentrations decrease in blood 
A)  water is reabsorbed in the distal tubule 
B)  fluid volume of blood increases 
C)  solute concentration in blood rises 
D)  distal tubule and collecting duct become more permeable to water reabsorption 
E)  solute concentrations decrease in blood

Question 15

Which of the following processes is under voluntary control?

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration 
B)  reabsorption 
C)  urination 
D)  secretion 
E)  excretion 
A)  filtration 
B)  reabsorption 
C)  urination 
D)  secretion 
E)  excretion

Question 16

Selecting the Exception Four of the five answers listed below are functions of the nephron. Select the exception.

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration 
B)  dilution 
C)  excretion 
D)  reabsorption 
E)  secretion 
A)  filtration 
B)  dilution 
C)  excretion 
D)  reabsorption 
E)  secretion

Question 17

Kidney stones form in the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pelvis. 
B)  ureters. 
C)  urethra. 
D)  urinary bladder. 
E)  glomerulus. 
A)  renal pelvis. 
B)  ureters. 
C)  urethra. 
D)  urinary bladder. 
E)  glomerulus.

Question 18

The normal pH of blood and other fluids is

Accepted Answer

A)  6.5 - 6.9. 
B)  6.92 - 7.11. 
C)  7.12 - 4.28. 
D)  7.37 - 7.43. 
E)  7.43 - 7.51. 
A)  6.5 - 6.9. 
B)  6.92 - 7.11. 
C)  7.12 - 4.28. 
D)  7.37 - 7.43. 
E)  7.43 - 7.51.

Question 19

The longer this structure is the greater is an animal's capacity to conserve water and to concentrate solutes for excretion in the urine.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  proximal tubule 
D)  ureter 
E)  urethra 
A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  proximal tubule 
D)  ureter 
E)  urethra

Question 20

Which hormone causes less sodium and less water to be excreted in the urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH 
B)  angiotensin 
C)  aldosterone 
D)  erythropoietin 
E)  insulin 
A)  ADH 
B)  angiotensin 
C)  aldosterone 
D)  erythropoietin 
E)  insulin

Exam 12: The Urinary System

Blood is carried away from the glomerulus by

Which of the following does NOT influence the pH of the blood and extracellular fluids?

Most of the water and sodium is reabsorbed in the ____ of each nephron.

In a urine analysis, acidic urine can indicate

Severe vomiting or dehydration and overuse of antacids may bring about which condition?

When cells break down proteins, the main waste product is

The most toxic substances routinely found in the blood are metabolites of

What is the name given to the fluid removed from the blood but not yet processed by the nephron tubules?

Which of the following is an inherited kidney disorder?

In a urine analysis, too much protein in the urine can indicate

When the body has excess sodium, which of the following does NOT happen?

In reabsorption,

Sodium, potassium, and calcium are referred to as

Selecting the Exception Four of the five answers listed below are the result of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) secretion. Select the exception.

Which of the following processes is under voluntary control?

Selecting the Exception Four of the five answers listed below are functions of the nephron. Select the exception.

Kidney stones form in the

The normal pH of blood and other fluids is

The longer this structure is the greater is an animal's capacity to conserve water and to concentrate solutes for excretion in the urine.

Which hormone causes less sodium and less water to be excreted in the urine?

Learning About Human Biology

Chemistry of Life

Cells and How They Work

Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems

The Skeletal System

The Muscular System

Circulation: the Heart and Blood Vessels

Blood

Immunity and Disease

The Respiratory System

Digestion and Nutrition

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Reproductive Systems

Development and Aging

Cell Reproduction

Introduction to Genetics

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA, Genes, and Biotechnology

Genes and Disease: Cancer

Principles of Evolution

Principles of Ecology

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

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