Question 1

The functional unit of the kidney is the

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule. 
B)  nephron. 
C)  glomerulus. 
D)  urinary bladder. 
E)  peritubular capillary. 
A)  Bowman's capsule. 
B)  nephron. 
C)  glomerulus. 
D)  urinary bladder. 
E)  peritubular capillary.

Question 2

Ammonia is converted to the much less toxic substance

Accepted Answer

A)  acetic acid. 
B)  phosphoric acid. 
C)  amino acids. 
D)  carbon dioxide. 
E)  urea. 
A)  acetic acid. 
B)  phosphoric acid. 
C)  amino acids. 
D)  carbon dioxide. 
E)  urea.

Question 3

The hormone that controls the concentration of urine is

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin. 
B)  glucagon. 
C)  antidiuretic hormone. 
D)  thyroxine. 
E)  epinephrine. 
A)  insulin. 
B)  glucagon. 
C)  antidiuretic hormone. 
D)  thyroxine. 
E)  epinephrine.

Question 4

Most reabsorption takes place across the walls of

Accepted Answer

A)  papillary ducts. 
B)  loops of Henle. 
C)  proximal tubules. 
D)  distal tubules. 
E)  peritubular capillary. 
A)  papillary ducts. 
B)  loops of Henle. 
C)  proximal tubules. 
D)  distal tubules. 
E)  peritubular capillary.

Question 5

The last portion of the excretory system through which urine passes before it is voided from the body is the

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus. 
B)  ureter. 
C)  urethra. 
D)  bladder. 
E)  rectum. 
A)  glomerulus. 
B)  ureter. 
C)  urethra. 
D)  bladder. 
E)  rectum.

Question 6

Nephritis may lead to cessation of blood filtering by the glomerulus because the kidney is

Accepted Answer

A)  located behind the intestines. 
B)  directly connected to the inferior vena cava 
C)  a paired structure. 
D)  surrounded by a tough renal capsule. 
E)  divided into a cortex and medulla. 
A)  located behind the intestines. 
B)  directly connected to the inferior vena cava 
C)  a paired structure. 
D)  surrounded by a tough renal capsule. 
E)  divided into a cortex and medulla.

Question 7

What amount of the fluid removed from the blood is eventually returned to the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  about 59 percent 
B)  less than 90 percent 
C)  almost 99 percent 
D)  a mere 0.9 percent 
E)  exactly 9 percent 
A)  about 59 percent 
B)  less than 90 percent 
C)  almost 99 percent 
D)  a mere 0.9 percent 
E)  exactly 9 percent

Question 8

Production of erythropoietin by the kidneys is an example of the urinary system's homeostatic interaction with which system?

Accepted Answer

A)  skeletal 
B)  cardiovascular 
C)  digestive 
D)  endocrine 
E)  reproductive 
A)  skeletal 
B)  cardiovascular 
C)  digestive 
D)  endocrine 
E)  reproductive

Question 9

Inflammation of the urinary bladder is called

Accepted Answer

A)  urethritis. 
B)  cystitis. 
C)  prostatitis. 
D)  orchitis. 
E)  nephritis. 
A)  urethritis. 
B)  cystitis. 
C)  prostatitis. 
D)  orchitis. 
E)  nephritis.

Question 10

Once urine has formed in the kidney it flows into the

Accepted Answer

A)  urethra. 
B)  bladder. 
C)  pelvic cavity. 
D)  rectum. 
E)  ureter. 
A)  urethra. 
B)  bladder. 
C)  pelvic cavity. 
D)  rectum. 
E)  ureter.

Question 11

Match between columns
                        Premises: The glomerular capillaries are intimately associated with this structure.
Permeability to water is regulated by antidiuretic hormone in this structure.
This portion immediately precedes the loop of Henle.
Filtration of the blood occurs in association with this structure.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of proximal tubule and Bowman's capsule. and distal is...

Question 12

During reabsorption, sodium ions cross the proximal tubule walls into the interstitial fluid principally by means of

Accepted Answer

A)  bulk flow. 
B)  active transport. 
C)  countercurrent multiplication. 
D)  phagocytosis. 
E)  endocytosis. 
A)  bulk flow. 
B)  active transport. 
C)  countercurrent multiplication. 
D)  phagocytosis. 
E)  endocytosis.

Question 13

The hormonal control over excretion most likely occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule. 
B)  proximal tubule. 
C)  distal tubule. 
D)  loop of Henle. 
E)  urinary bladder. 
A)  Bowman's capsule. 
B)  proximal tubule. 
C)  distal tubule. 
D)  loop of Henle. 
E)  urinary bladder.

Question 14

Which of the following does NOT belong with all the others?

Accepted Answer

A)  angiotensins 
B)  ADH 
C)  aldosterone 
D)  renin 
E)  insulin 
A)  angiotensins 
B)  ADH 
C)  aldosterone 
D)  renin 
E)  insulin

Question 15

Which of the following substances is NOT filtered from the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  plasma protein 
C)  urea 
D)  glucose 
E)  sodium 
A)  water 
B)  plasma protein 
C)  urea 
D)  glucose 
E)  sodium

Question 16

The subunit of a kidney that purifies blood and restores solute and water balance is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  nephron. 
D)  ureter. 
E)  urethra. 
A)  glomerulus. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  nephron. 
D)  ureter. 
E)  urethra.

Question 17

Bladder infections that travel up to the kidney are called

Accepted Answer

A)  nephritis. 
B)  glomerulonephritis. 
C)  pyelitis. 
D)  pyelonephritis. 
E)  cystitis 
A)  nephritis. 
B)  glomerulonephritis. 
C)  pyelitis. 
D)  pyelonephritis. 
E)  cystitis

Question 18

Filtration of the blood in the kidney takes place in the

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle. 
B)  glomerulus of Bowman's capsule. 
C)  distal tubule. 
D)  proximal tubule. 
E)  collecting duct. 
A)  loop of Henle. 
B)  glomerulus of Bowman's capsule. 
C)  distal tubule. 
D)  proximal tubule. 
E)  collecting duct.

Question 19

An enzyme produced by the kidneys that helps to regulate blood pressure is

Accepted Answer

A)  erythropoietin. 
B)  angiotensin. 
C)  renin. 
D)  aldosterone. 
E)  cortisol 
A)  erythropoietin. 
B)  angiotensin. 
C)  renin. 
D)  aldosterone. 
E)  cortisol

Question 20

Humans gain the least amount of water by what route?

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolism 
B)  ingestion of liquids 
C)  ingestion of solids 
D)  ingestion of liquids and solids contribute an equal amount of water 
E)  inhalation of liquids. 
A)  metabolism 
B)  ingestion of liquids 
C)  ingestion of solids 
D)  ingestion of liquids and solids contribute an equal amount of water 
E)  inhalation of liquids.

Exam 12: The Urinary System

The functional unit of the kidney is the

Ammonia is converted to the much less toxic substance

The hormone that controls the concentration of urine is

Most reabsorption takes place across the walls of

The last portion of the excretory system through which urine passes before it is voided from the body is the

Nephritis may lead to cessation of blood filtering by the glomerulus because the kidney is

What amount of the fluid removed from the blood is eventually returned to the blood?

Production of erythropoietin by the kidneys is an example of the urinary system's homeostatic interaction with which system?

Inflammation of the urinary bladder is called

Once urine has formed in the kidney it flows into the

During reabsorption, sodium ions cross the proximal tubule walls into the interstitial fluid principally by means of

The hormonal control over excretion most likely occurs in the

Which of the following does NOT belong with all the others?

Which of the following substances is NOT filtered from the bloodstream?

The subunit of a kidney that purifies blood and restores solute and water balance is called a

Bladder infections that travel up to the kidney are called

Filtration of the blood in the kidney takes place in the

An enzyme produced by the kidneys that helps to regulate blood pressure is

Humans gain the least amount of water by what route?

Learning About Human Biology

Chemistry of Life

Cells and How They Work

Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems

The Skeletal System

The Muscular System

Circulation: the Heart and Blood Vessels

Blood

Immunity and Disease

The Respiratory System

Digestion and Nutrition

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Reproductive Systems

Development and Aging

Cell Reproduction

Introduction to Genetics

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA, Genes, and Biotechnology

Genes and Disease: Cancer

Principles of Evolution

Principles of Ecology

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

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