Exam 23: Protein-, Mineral-, and Fluid-Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

The medical nutrition therapy for nephrotic syndrome helps to prevent protein-energy malnutrition, correct lipid abnormalities, and alleviate edema.

Describe the appropriate dietary treatment for different types of kidney stones, including calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine.

Patients with chronic kidney disease are often encouraged to consume high-fat foods to improve their energy intake.An appropriate high-fat food choice for a renal patient is:

Case Study Refinery Worker with History of Kidney Stones: Steve Forbes is a 52-year-old refinery worker who wrecked his motorcycle on the way to work one morning.He was taken to the emergency room with multiple broken bones, and a CT scan was performed to rule out internal injuries.Incidentally, the results of the CT scan showed that Mr.Forbes had two large stones in his right kidney.After Mr.Forbes's broken bones healed, he underwent surgery to have the kidney stones removed.An analysis of the stones determined that they were calcium oxalate stones.Two years later, Mr.Forbes experienced severe back pain, nausea, and the inability to urinate.He returned to the emergency room for treatment. -What types of medications are used to treat calcium oxalate stones?

Secondary complications of chronic kidney disease include:

Suggest appropriate amounts of protein, sodium, potassium, and fluids for a patient on hemodialysis.

Case Study Questions Use the following case study to answer questions Dennis Wilson is a 57-year-old chemical engineer who has had type 1 diabetes since he was 12 years old.He spent 34 years working in oil refineries, and he is a smoker.He is 5'11" tall and weighs 160 pounds.Over the past several years, he has experienced a gradual decline in kidney function.His GFR has declined to 27 mL/min per 1.73 m2. -Wilson's GFR is indicative of Stage _____ chronic kidney disease.

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

Case Study Questions Use the following case study to answer questions Dennis Wilson is a 57-year-old chemical engineer who has had type 1 diabetes since he was 12 years old.He spent 34 years working in oil refineries, and he is a smoker.He is 5'11" tall and weighs 160 pounds.Over the past several years, he has experienced a gradual decline in kidney function.His GFR has declined to 27 mL/min per 1.73 m2. -likely cause of Mr.Wilson's chronic kidney disease is:

heart failure leads to acute renal failure, it is considered a _____ factor.

Consequences of acute kidney injury include all of the following except:

Kidney disease is classified according to:

Common clinical symptoms of uremic syndrome include all of the following except:

Dialysis removes excess fluids and wastes from the blood by employing the principles of diffusion, osmosis, and ultrafiltration.

patient presents with elevated BUN and creatinine and elevated blood pressure.He complains of fatigue, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and anorexia.The nurse recognizes these as symptoms of:

of the following dietary guidelines are appropriate immediately after a kidney transplant except:

acute kidney injury, fluid needs are determined by measuring urine output and adding _____ milliliters.

Case Study Refinery Worker with History of Kidney Stones: Steve Forbes is a 52-year-old refinery worker who wrecked his motorcycle on the way to work one morning.He was taken to the emergency room with multiple broken bones, and a CT scan was performed to rule out internal injuries.Incidentally, the results of the CT scan showed that Mr.Forbes had two large stones in his right kidney.After Mr.Forbes's broken bones healed, he underwent surgery to have the kidney stones removed.An analysis of the stones determined that they were calcium oxalate stones.Two years later, Mr.Forbes experienced severe back pain, nausea, and the inability to urinate.He returned to the emergency room for treatment. -What is a kidney stone and how does one develop?

patient on a renal diet will usually need supplements of:

Case Study Questions Use the following case study to answer questions Dennis Wilson is a 57-year-old chemical engineer who has had type 1 diabetes since he was 12 years old.He spent 34 years working in oil refineries, and he is a smoker.He is 5'11" tall and weighs 160 pounds.Over the past several years, he has experienced a gradual decline in kidney function.His GFR has declined to 27 mL/min per 1.73 m2. -Which of the following is the most common method used to gauge the adequacy of dialysis treatment?