Question 1

patients on fluid-restricted diets who experience extreme thirst, you should suggest:

Accepted Answer

A) adding lemon juice to water to make it more refreshing. 
B) drinking black coffee, as it has no kcalories. 
C) eating salt-free saltines (soda crackers). 
D) eating ice, as it doesn't count as a liquid. 
A) adding lemon juice to water to make it more refreshing. 
B) drinking black coffee, as it has no kcalories. 
C) eating salt-free saltines (soda crackers). 
D) eating ice, as it doesn't count as a liquid. A

Question 2

Protein-restricted diets naturally curb the intake of:

Accepted Answer

A) sodium. 
B) phosphorous. 
C) potassium. 
D) vitamin B₆. 
A) sodium. 
B) phosphorous. 
C) potassium. 
D) vitamin B₆. B

Question 3

best way to prevent the formation of kidney stones is to:

Accepted Answer

A) minimize calcium intake. 
B) eat less meat. 
C) eat fewer oxalate-containing vegetables. 
D) drink 12 to 16 cups of fluids per day. 
A) minimize calcium intake. 
B) eat less meat. 
C) eat fewer oxalate-containing vegetables. 
D) drink 12 to 16 cups of fluids per day. D

Question 4

Calcium oxalate stones usually result from:

Accepted Answer

A) hypercalciuria. 
B) hyperkalemia. 
C) hyperphosphatemia. 
D) hypercholesterolemia. 
A) hypercalciuria. 
B) hyperkalemia. 
C) hyperphosphatemia. 
D) hypercholesterolemia.

Question 5

nurse is instructing a hemodialysis patient on her diet.She correctly tells the patient to:

Accepted Answer

A) use low-sodium products as desired. 
B) consume foods high in phosphorus such as milk, fish, and nuts. 
C) place an emphasis on fresh fruits and vegetables in the diet. 
D) avoid salt substitutes that contain potassium. 
A) use low-sodium products as desired. 
B) consume foods high in phosphorus such as milk, fish, and nuts. 
C) place an emphasis on fresh fruits and vegetables in the diet. 
D) avoid salt substitutes that contain potassium.

Question 6

most appropriate food to recommend for supplementing kcalories in the renal diet is:

Accepted Answer

A) margarine. 
B) cheese. 
C) whole milk. 
D) a chocolate candy bar. 
A) margarine. 
B) cheese. 
C) whole milk. 
D) a chocolate candy bar.

Question 7

Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions 
Dennis Wilson is a 57-year-old chemical engineer who has had type 1 diabetes since he was 12 years old.He spent 34 years working in oil refineries, and he is a smoker.He is 5'11" tall and weighs 160 pounds.Over the past several years, he has experienced a gradual decline in kidney function.His GFR has declined to 27 mL/min per 1.73 m2.
-Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The chemical composition of the dialysate does not affect the movement of solutes across the semipermeable membrane. 
B) Bicarbonates are added to a dialysate for a person with acidosis. 
C) When the concentration of a substance is higher in the dialysate than in the blood, the substance will diffuse out of the blood. 
D) Dialysate contains no urea or potassium. 
A) The chemical composition of the dialysate does not affect the movement of solutes across the semipermeable membrane. 
B) Bicarbonates are added to a dialysate for a person with acidosis. 
C) When the concentration of a substance is higher in the dialysate than in the blood, the substance will diffuse out of the blood. 
D) Dialysate contains no urea or potassium.

Question 8

Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions 
Dennis Wilson is a 57-year-old chemical engineer who has had type 1 diabetes since he was 12 years old.He spent 34 years working in oil refineries, and he is a smoker.He is 5'11" tall and weighs 160 pounds.Over the past several years, he has experienced a gradual decline in kidney function.His GFR has declined to 27 mL/min per 1.73 m2.
-primary goal(s) of medical nutrition therapy for Mr.Wilson at this time should be:

Accepted Answer

A) lowering his blood cholesterol level. 
B) preventing PEM and weight loss. 
C) treating him for iron-deficiency anemia. 
D) preventing osteoporosis. 
A) lowering his blood cholesterol level. 
B) preventing PEM and weight loss. 
C) treating him for iron-deficiency anemia. 
D) preventing osteoporosis.

Question 9

The nurse understands that patients with diseased kidneys will lack adequate production of erythropoietin, which will cause the development of:

Accepted Answer

A) rickets. 
B) uremic syndrome. 
C) pernicious anemia. 
D) iron-deficiency anemia. 
A) rickets. 
B) uremic syndrome. 
C) pernicious anemia. 
D) iron-deficiency anemia.

Question 10

Acidosis can worsen:

Accepted Answer

A) blood pressure. 
B) malnutrition. 
C) renal osteodystrophy. 
D) GFR. 
A) blood pressure. 
B) malnutrition. 
C) renal osteodystrophy. 
D) GFR.

Question 11

ensure an adequate intake of the essential amino acids, a patient with chronic kidney disease should consume:

Accepted Answer

A) animal protein sources only. 
B) plant protein sources only. 
C) 50% of protein from high-quality protein sources. 
D) essential amino acid supplements. 
A) animal protein sources only. 
B) plant protein sources only. 
C) 50% of protein from high-quality protein sources. 
D) essential amino acid supplements.

Question 12

Case Study 
Refinery Worker with History of Kidney Stones: Steve Forbes is a 52-year-old refinery worker who wrecked his motorcycle on the way to work one morning.He was taken to the emergency room with multiple broken bones, and a CT scan was performed to rule out internal injuries.Incidentally, the results of the CT scan showed that Mr.Forbes had two large stones in his right kidney.After Mr.Forbes's broken bones healed, he underwent surgery to have the kidney stones removed.An analysis of the stones determined that they were calcium oxalate stones.Two years later, Mr.Forbes experienced severe back pain, nausea, and the inability to urinate.He returned to the emergency room for treatment.
-What is the likely cause of Mr.Forbes' second trip to the emergency room with back pain?

Accepted Answer

Renal colic - a ston

Question 13

diet for acute kidney injury is usually restricted to about _____ grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day for those patients who are not on dialysis.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.2-0.5 
B) 0.4-0.8 
C) 0.8-1.2 
D) 1.0-1.5 
A) 0.2-0.5 
B) 0.4-0.8 
C) 0.8-1.2 
D) 1.0-1.5

Question 14

Once dialysis is initiated in a patient with chronic kidney disease, protein intake:

Accepted Answer

A) is less restrictive. 
B) is more restrictive. 
C) remains the same. 
D) emphasizes the addition of nonessential amino acid sources. 
A) is less restrictive. 
B) is more restrictive. 
C) remains the same. 
D) emphasizes the addition of nonessential amino acid sources.

Question 15

nurse recognizes that a rise in body weight and blood pressure suggests that a patient:

Accepted Answer

A) is retaining sodium and fluid. 
B) is experiencing improved appetite. 
C) needs to increase his/her intake of potassium. 
D) needs to increase his/her fluid intake. 
A) is retaining sodium and fluid. 
B) is experiencing improved appetite. 
C) needs to increase his/her intake of potassium. 
D) needs to increase his/her fluid intake.

Question 16

Why is the renal diet a difficult diet to adhere to?

Accepted Answer

The renal diet can be challenging to adh

Question 17

Why is kcalorie intake extremely important in the nutrition care of patients with chronic kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

Calorie intake is extremely important in

Question 18

treatment of _____ is critical for slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Accepted Answer

A) anemia 
B) gout 
C) hypertension 
D) depression 
A) anemia 
B) gout 
C) hypertension 
D) depression

Question 19

Manifestations of the nephrotic syndrome include:

Accepted Answer

A) low serum albumin. 
B) uremia. 
C) low blood lipids. 
D) dehydration. 
A) low serum albumin. 
B) uremia. 
C) low blood lipids. 
D) dehydration.

Question 20

patient with nephrotic syndrome has an albumin level of 2.1 mg/dL.The nurse realizes that this is likely to cause _____ in the patient.

Accepted Answer

A) edema 
B) infection 
C) rickets 
D) altered blood lipids 
A) edema 
B) infection 
C) rickets 
D) altered blood lipids

Exam 23: Protein-, Mineral-, and Fluid-Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

patients on fluid-restricted diets who experience extreme thirst, you should suggest:

Protein-restricted diets naturally curb the intake of:

best way to prevent the formation of kidney stones is to:

Calcium oxalate stones usually result from:

nurse is instructing a hemodialysis patient on her diet.She correctly tells the patient to:

most appropriate food to recommend for supplementing kcalories in the renal diet is:

The nurse understands that patients with diseased kidneys will lack adequate production of erythropoietin, which will cause the development of:

Acidosis can worsen:

ensure an adequate intake of the essential amino acids, a patient with chronic kidney disease should consume:

diet for acute kidney injury is usually restricted to about _____ grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day for those patients who are not on dialysis.

Once dialysis is initiated in a patient with chronic kidney disease, protein intake:

nurse recognizes that a rise in body weight and blood pressure suggests that a patient:

Why is the renal diet a difficult diet to adhere to?

Why is kcalorie intake extremely important in the nutrition care of patients with chronic kidney disease?

treatment of _____ is critical for slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Manifestations of the nephrotic syndrome include:

patient with nephrotic syndrome has an albumin level of 2.1 mg/dL.The nurse realizes that this is likely to cause _____ in the patient.

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Digestion and Absorption

Metabolism, Energy Balance, and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Fitness and Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Later Adulthood

Illness and Nutrition Care

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Supplements

Specialized Nutrition Support: Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Carbohydrate- and Fat-Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Nutrition Therapy for Liver and Gallbladder Diseases

Carbohydrate-Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Fat-Controlled, Mineral-Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Energy- and Protein-Modified Diets for Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Energy- and Protein-Modified Diets for Cancer and Hiv Infection

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