Question 1

Explain why a biochemist would object to the use of the term "oxidation of amino acids."

Accepted Answer

A biochemist would object to the use of the term "oxidation of amino acids" because it oversimplifies the complex biochemical processes involved. While it is true that amino acids can undergo oxidation reactions, this term does not accurately capture the diverse and intricate ways in which amino acids are metabolized in living organisms.

Amino acids can be broken down through various pathways such as transamination, deamination, and decarboxylation, which involve more than just simple oxidation reactions. Additionally, the term "oxidation" may imply a purely destructive process, when in reality, the metabolism of amino acids serves important functions in the body, such as energy production, protein synthesis, and the synthesis of important molecules like neurotransmitters and hormones.

By using the term "oxidation of amino acids," important nuances and complexities of amino acid metabolism are overlooked. A more accurate and comprehensive description of these processes would involve a broader understanding of the various metabolic pathways and biochemical transformations that amino acids undergo within living organisms.

Question 2

The athlete most likely to have the lowest protein intake is one with:

Accepted Answer

A)  a clinical eating disorder. 
B)  a sub-clinical eating disorder. 
C)  high muscularity but a low percentage of body fat. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  a clinical eating disorder. 
B)  a sub-clinical eating disorder. 
C)  high muscularity but a low percentage of body fat. 
D)  all of the above A

Question 3

Protein supplements are more effective than food proteins for increasing muscle size and strength.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Describe amino acids and how the structure of a protein affects its function.

Accepted Answer

Amino acids are the building blocks of p

Question 5

One of the results of fasting is the increased use of amino acids as a source of glucose.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Explain how the structure of a protein determines its function. Give examples of roles that amino acids play in primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary level structure.

Accepted Answer

The structure of a protein is crucial in

Question 7

Absorption of food proteins takes place primarily in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach and jejunum. 
B)  jejunum and ileum. 
C)  ileum and colon. 
D)  colon and rectum. 
A)  stomach and jejunum. 
B)  jejunum and ileum. 
C)  ileum and colon. 
D)  colon and rectum.

Question 8

Can glutamine intake be increased without supplementation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, by increasing protein-containing foods 
B)  Yes, by increasing intake of plant fats 
C)  No, glutamine is only produced in the body and dietary intake has no effect 
A)  Yes, by increasing protein-containing foods 
B)  Yes, by increasing intake of plant fats 
C)  No, glutamine is only produced in the body and dietary intake has no effect

Question 9

Outline how amino acids are involved in gluconeogenesis using exercising muscle as an example.

Accepted Answer

During exercise, the body requires energ

Question 10

According to the current body of scientific research, is a branched chain amino acid supplement effective for improving immune system response?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is strong evidence of effectiveness 
B)  There is some evidence of effectiveness but the number of studies is small 
C)  There is no evidence of effectiveness in humans 
A)  There is strong evidence of effectiveness 
B)  There is some evidence of effectiveness but the number of studies is small 
C)  There is no evidence of effectiveness in humans

Question 11

Raymond complains that he is feeling thirstier than before he started consuming a higher-protein diet. Is this likely related to his higher protein intake?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, a large increase in protein intake can have an effect on hydration status 
B)  No, the amount of protein consumed does not affect hydration status 
A)  Yes, a large increase in protein intake can have an effect on hydration status 
B)  No, the amount of protein consumed does not affect hydration status

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an example of complementary proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Red beans and rice 
B)  Pinto beans and corn tortillas 
C)  Tofu and rice 
D)  Scrambled eggs with non-fat milk 
A)  Red beans and rice 
B)  Pinto beans and corn tortillas 
C)  Tofu and rice 
D)  Scrambled eggs with non-fat milk

Question 13

What is glucosamine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alternative name for chondroitin 
B)  Type of oil that can interact with water 
C)  Amino acid compound that can be stored in muscle glycogen 
D)  Compound made up of glucose and glutamine 
A)  Alternative name for chondroitin 
B)  Type of oil that can interact with water 
C)  Amino acid compound that can be stored in muscle glycogen 
D)  Compound made up of glucose and glutamine

Question 14

Protein is best used:

Accepted Answer

A)  as a source of glucose. 
B)  as a concentrated source of energy. 
C)  for growth and repair of tissue. 
D)  for metabolic regulation of fat. 
A)  as a source of glucose. 
B)  as a concentrated source of energy. 
C)  for growth and repair of tissue. 
D)  for metabolic regulation of fat.

Question 15

Which athlete is most likely to be at risk for low protein intake?

Accepted Answer

A)  Male recreational athlete 
B)  Female body builder 
C)  Athlete in a "stop and go" sport 
D)  Athlete with disordered eating 
A)  Male recreational athlete 
B)  Female body builder 
C)  Athlete in a "stop and go" sport 
D)  Athlete with disordered eating

Question 16

The amino acids that are most rapidly absorbed from the intestine are:

Accepted Answer

A)  dispensable amino acids. 
B)  indispensable amino acids. 
C)  dietary supplements containing pre-digested proteins. 
D)  dietary supplements containing casein. 
A)  dispensable amino acids. 
B)  indispensable amino acids. 
C)  dietary supplements containing pre-digested proteins. 
D)  dietary supplements containing casein.

Question 17

Concerns have been raised regarding the relationship between long-term high-protein diets and the risk for an accelerated progression of kidney disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a metabolite of:

Accepted Answer

A)  alanine. 
B)  phenylalanine. 
C)  glutamine. 
D)  leucine. 
A)  alanine. 
B)  phenylalanine. 
C)  glutamine. 
D)  leucine.

Question 19

What is nitrogen balance?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of muscle protein synthesized compared to the amount degraded. 
B)  The amount and rate of protein turnover. 
C)  The difference between nitrogen intake and loss. 
D)  The difference between the amount of protein absorbed and the amount incorporated into skeletal muscle. 
A)  The amount of muscle protein synthesized compared to the amount degraded. 
B)  The amount and rate of protein turnover. 
C)  The difference between nitrogen intake and loss. 
D)  The difference between the amount of protein absorbed and the amount incorporated into skeletal muscle.

Question 20

State protein recommendations for athletes and the effects of high and low protein and/or energy intakes on training, performance, and health.

Accepted Answer

Protein recommendations for athletes var

Explain why a biochemist would object to the use of the term "oxidation of amino acids."

The athlete most likely to have the lowest protein intake is one with:

Protein supplements are more effective than food proteins for increasing muscle size and strength.

Describe amino acids and how the structure of a protein affects its function.

One of the results of fasting is the increased use of amino acids as a source of glucose.

Explain how the structure of a protein determines its function. Give examples of roles that amino acids play in primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary level structure.

Absorption of food proteins takes place primarily in the:

Can glutamine intake be increased without supplementation?

Outline how amino acids are involved in gluconeogenesis using exercising muscle as an example.

According to the current body of scientific research, is a branched chain amino acid supplement effective for improving immune system response?

Raymond complains that he is feeling thirstier than before he started consuming a higher-protein diet. Is this likely related to his higher protein intake?

Which of the following is NOT an example of complementary proteins?

What is glucosamine?

Protein is best used:

Which athlete is most likely to be at risk for low protein intake?

The amino acids that are most rapidly absorbed from the intestine are:

Concerns have been raised regarding the relationship between long-term high-protein diets and the risk for an accelerated progression of kidney disease.

β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a metabolite of:

What is nitrogen balance?

State protein recommendations for athletes and the effects of high and low protein and/or energy intakes on training, performance, and health.

Introduction to Sports Nutrition

Defining and Measuring Energy

Energy Systems and Exercise

Carbohydrates

Fats

Water and Electrolytes

Vitamins

Minerals

Diet Planning: Food First, Supplements Second

Weight and Body Composition

Disordered Eating and Exercise Patterns in Athletes

Diet and Exercise for Lifelong Fitness and Health

Filters

Exam 5: Proteins

Explain why a biochemist would object to the use of the term "oxidation of amino acids."

The athlete most likely to have the lowest protein intake is one with:

Protein supplements are more effective than food proteins for increasing muscle size and strength.

Describe amino acids and how the structure of a protein affects its function.

One of the results of fasting is the increased use of amino acids as a source of glucose.

Explain how the structure of a protein determines its function. Give examples of roles that amino acids play in primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary level structure.

Absorption of food proteins takes place primarily in the:

Can glutamine intake be increased without supplementation?

Outline how amino acids are involved in gluconeogenesis using exercising muscle as an example.

According to the current body of scientific research, is a branched chain amino acid supplement effective for improving immune system response?

Raymond complains that he is feeling thirstier than before he started consuming a higher-protein diet. Is this likely related to his higher protein intake?

Which of the following is NOT an example of complementary proteins?

What is glucosamine?

Protein is best used:

Which athlete is most likely to be at risk for low protein intake?

The amino acids that are most rapidly absorbed from the intestine are:

Concerns have been raised regarding the relationship between long-term high-protein diets and the risk for an accelerated progression of kidney disease.

β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a metabolite of:

What is nitrogen balance?

State protein recommendations for athletes and the effects of high and low protein and/or energy intakes on training, performance, and health.

Introduction to Sports Nutrition

Defining and Measuring Energy

Energy Systems and Exercise

Carbohydrates

Fats

Water and Electrolytes

Vitamins

Minerals

Diet Planning: Food First, Supplements Second

Weight and Body Composition

Disordered Eating and Exercise Patterns in Athletes

Diet and Exercise for Lifelong Fitness and Health

Filters