Question 1

All of the nonessential amino acids can be synthesized in the body by transamination, using an amino group from

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)  lactic acid. 
C)  glutamate. 
D)  pyruvate. 
E)  oxaloacetate. 
A)    
B)  lactic acid. 
C)  glutamate. 
D)  pyruvate. 
E)  oxaloacetate.

Question 2

The nitrogen for nucleotide synthesis comes from

Accepted Answer

A) DNA. 
B) carbohydrates. 
C) proteins. 
D) RNA. 
E) fats. 
A) DNA. 
B) carbohydrates. 
C) proteins. 
D) RNA. 
E) fats.

Question 3

Most of the glycerol produced by fatty acid breakdown is converted eventually to

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids. 
B) fat. 
C) glucose. 
D) protein. 
E) lactate. 
A) amino acids. 
B) fat. 
C) glucose. 
D) protein. 
E) lactate.

Question 4

The enzymes that break down triacylglycerols into fatty acids and glycerol are called

Accepted Answer

A) hydrolases. 
B) oxidoreductases. 
C) lyases. 
D) lipases. 
E) aconitases. 
A) hydrolases. 
B) oxidoreductases. 
C) lyases. 
D) lipases. 
E) aconitases.

Question 5

In type 1 diabetes mellitus,

Accepted Answer

A) glucose intake is too low. 
B) sufficient insulin is produced, but cannot be used. 
C) the pancreas produces insufficient insulin. 
D) blood glucose levels are too low. 
E) birth of a baby restores normal pancreatic function. 
A) glucose intake is too low. 
B) sufficient insulin is produced, but cannot be used. 
C) the pancreas produces insufficient insulin. 
D) blood glucose levels are too low. 
E) birth of a baby restores normal pancreatic function.

Question 6

In mammals, the ammonium ion produced in oxidative deamination is

Accepted Answer

A) converted to uric acid, which is excreted by the liver. 
B) excreted in the feces. 
C) converted to uric acid, which is excreted in the urine. 
D) converted to urea, which is excreted in the urine. 
E) stored in the liver. 
A) converted to uric acid, which is excreted by the liver. 
B) excreted in the feces. 
C) converted to uric acid, which is excreted in the urine. 
D) converted to urea, which is excreted in the urine. 
E) stored in the liver.

Question 7

Fats are higher in caloric value than carbohydrates because

Accepted Answer

A)  1 gram of glucose weighs more than 1 gram of fat. 
B)  fats make use of   oxidation. 
C)  1 gram of fat produces significantly more ATP than 1 gram of glucose. 
D)  1 gram of glucose contains more moles than 1 gram of fat. 
E)  fats can make use of the citric acid cycle. 
A)  1 gram of glucose weighs more than 1 gram of fat. 
B)  fats make use of   oxidation. 
C)  1 gram of fat produces significantly more ATP than 1 gram of glucose. 
D)  1 gram of glucose contains more moles than 1 gram of fat. 
E)  fats can make use of the citric acid cycle.

Question 8

The series of reactions that produces energy by hydrolyzing fats to units of acetyl CoA is called

Accepted Answer

A)  hydration. 
B)    
C)  transamination. 
D)    
E) hydrolysis. 
A)  hydration. 
B)    
C)  transamination. 
D)    
E) hydrolysis.

Question 9

In type 2 diabetes mellitus,

Accepted Answer

A) birth of a baby restores normal pancreatic function. 
B) sufficient insulin is produced, but cannot be used. 
C) glucose intake is too low. 
D) the pancreas produces insufficient insulin. 
E) blood glucose levels are too low. 
A) birth of a baby restores normal pancreatic function. 
B) sufficient insulin is produced, but cannot be used. 
C) glucose intake is too low. 
D) the pancreas produces insufficient insulin. 
E) blood glucose levels are too low.

Question 10

Which step is found in the breakdown of a fat?

Accepted Answer

A)  direct substrate phosphorylation 
B)  an oxidation with CoQ 
C)  an activation that requires 2 ATP 
D)  an oxidation with a cytochrome 
E)  production of pyruvate 
A)  direct substrate phosphorylation 
B)  an oxidation with CoQ 
C)  an activation that requires 2 ATP 
D)  an oxidation with a cytochrome 
E)  production of pyruvate

Question 11

The letters ACP stand for

Accepted Answer

A) aconitate protein complex. 
B) acyl carrier protein. 
C) acetyl condensing protein. 
D) acetyl CoA-palmitate. 
E) acetyl Coenzyme P. 
A) aconitate protein complex. 
B) acyl carrier protein. 
C) acetyl condensing protein. 
D) acetyl CoA-palmitate. 
E) acetyl Coenzyme P.

Question 12

Fatty acids are not a source of energy for the brain because

Accepted Answer

A) they are metabolized before they get as far as the brain. 
B) the citric acid cycle does not operate in the brain. 
C) there is no lipase in the brain. 
D) they cannot diffuse across the blood-brain barrier. 
E) chylomicrons are too large for absorption by brain cells. 
A) they are metabolized before they get as far as the brain. 
B) the citric acid cycle does not operate in the brain. 
C) there is no lipase in the brain. 
D) they cannot diffuse across the blood-brain barrier. 
E) chylomicrons are too large for absorption by brain cells.

Question 13

Ketosis is a condition that can occur if

Accepted Answer

A) low fat intake occurs. 
B) the brain is starved of glucose. 
C) too many ketones are ingested. 
D) too much protein is available in the diet. 
E) ketone bodies instead of glucose are used for energy. 
A) low fat intake occurs. 
B) the brain is starved of glucose. 
C) too many ketones are ingested. 
D) too much protein is available in the diet. 
E) ketone bodies instead of glucose are used for energy.

Question 14

The production of new fatty acids is called

Accepted Answer

A)  gluconeogenesis. 
B)  transesterification. 
C)  lipogenesis. 
D)  oxidation. 
E)    
A)  gluconeogenesis. 
B)  transesterification. 
C)  lipogenesis. 
D)  oxidation. 
E)

Question 15

The energy released by the     oxidation of a cis fatty acid is

Accepted Answer

A)  used immediately to form ATP. 
B)  slightly less than that obtained from a trans fatty acid. 
C)  less than that obtained from one glucose molecule. 
D)  slightly more than that obtained from a trans fatty acid. 
E)  the same as that obtained from a trans fatty acid. 
A)  used immediately to form ATP. 
B)  slightly less than that obtained from a trans fatty acid. 
C)  less than that obtained from one glucose molecule. 
D)  slightly more than that obtained from a trans fatty acid. 
E)  the same as that obtained from a trans fatty acid.

Question 16

A chylomicron is a

Accepted Answer

A) transport lipoprotein. 
B) triacylglycerol. 
C) storage protein. 
D) digestive enzyme. 
E) lipase. 
A) transport lipoprotein. 
B) triacylglycerol. 
C) storage protein. 
D) digestive enzyme. 
E) lipase.

Question 17

In the urea cycle, argininosuccinate lyase catalyzes the reaction of argininosuccinate to

Accepted Answer

A) arginine. 
B) orthinine. 
C) carbamoyl phosphate. 
D) arginase. 
E) citrulline. 
A) arginine. 
B) orthinine. 
C) carbamoyl phosphate. 
D) arginase. 
E) citrulline.

Question 18

Which metabolic substrate can be produced from the carbon atoms in the amino acid phenylalanine?

Accepted Answer

A) pyruvate 
B) succinyl CoA 
C) acetoacetyl CoA 
D) fumarate 
A) pyruvate 
B) succinyl CoA 
C) acetoacetyl CoA 
D) fumarate

Question 19

Each acetyl CoA produces ________ ATP in the citric acid cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) 6 
B) 12 
C) 10 
D) 2 
E) 24 
A) 6 
B) 12 
C) 10 
D) 2 
E) 24

Question 20

Fatty acids and glycerol are produced from the metabolism of

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids. 
B) glucose. 
C) proteins. 
D) carbohydrates. 
E) lipids. 
A) amino acids. 
B) glucose. 
C) proteins. 
D) carbohydrates. 
E) lipids.

Exam 24: Metabolic Pathways for Lipids and Amino Acids

All of the nonessential amino acids can be synthesized in the body by transamination, using an amino group from

The nitrogen for nucleotide synthesis comes from

Most of the glycerol produced by fatty acid breakdown is converted eventually to

The enzymes that break down triacylglycerols into fatty acids and glycerol are called

In type 1 diabetes mellitus,

In mammals, the ammonium ion produced in oxidative deamination is

Fats are higher in caloric value than carbohydrates because

The series of reactions that produces energy by hydrolyzing fats to units of acetyl CoA is called

In type 2 diabetes mellitus,

Which step is found in the breakdown of a fat?

The letters ACP stand for

Fatty acids are not a source of energy for the brain because

Ketosis is a condition that can occur if

The production of new fatty acids is called

The energy released by the oxidation of a cis fatty acid is

A chylomicron is a

In the urea cycle, argininosuccinate lyase catalyzes the reaction of argininosuccinate to

Which metabolic substrate can be produced from the carbon atoms in the amino acid phenylalanine?

Each acetyl CoA produces ________ ATP in the citric acid cycle.

Fatty acids and glycerol are produced from the metabolism of

Chemistry in Our Lives

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